tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35534406266490359702024-03-18T03:04:00.144+00:00Max Atkinson's BlogNotes on conversation, communication, public speaking - and life in general.Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.comBlogger967125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-27561831544041201522022-08-05T11:46:00.000+01:002022-08-05T11:46:28.223+01:00The day Obama learned he liked speaking<p><span style="font-family: times;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Obama at Occidental</span></b></span></p><div class="ContentHeaderContainer-bwZszI QmoTq" data-testid="ContentHeaderContainer"><div class="ContentHeaderAccreditation-gSOuSZ jFctsa content-header__accreditation" data-testid="ContentHeaderAccreditation"><div class="ContentHeaderByline-bqvnCK hPYgUW"><div class="ContentHeaderBylineContent-cheJen eevsnA"><div class="BylinesWrapper-hllaqY fRgcfR bylines ContentHeaderBylines-kamYfZ eRSnGy" data-testid="BylinesWrapper"><p class="BylineWrapper-ijzcXT bOQpVs byline bylines__byline" data-testid="BylineWrapper" itemprop="author" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span class="BylineNamesWrapper-daESsn iboSPt" itemprop="name"><span class="BylineName-cKrVJj fWysGh byline__name" data-testid="BylineName"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-UABmB BaseText-fETRLB BylinePreamble-ihtEDU hkSZSE gZozsW hsWaLA byline__preamble">By </span><a class="BaseWrap-sc-UABmB BaseText-fETRLB BaseLink-hawaGs BylineLink-eZTiUA hkSZSE bBEapZ eURIpz cLVBoH byline__name-link button" href="https://www.newyorker.com/contributors/margot-mifflin">Margot Mifflin</a></span></span></p></div><time class="BaseWrap-sc-UABmB BaseText-fETRLB ContentHeaderPublishDate-kdfRBW hkSZSE gymDyQ OxnzN" data-testid="ContentHeaderPublishDate">October 3, 2012</time></div><div class="ContentHeaderBylineContent-cheJen eevsnA"><time class="BaseWrap-sc-UABmB BaseText-fETRLB ContentHeaderPublishDate-kdfRBW hkSZSE gymDyQ OxnzN" data-testid="ContentHeaderPublishDate"><p>On February 18, 1981, a student at Occidental College, Barack Obama, delivered his first public speech. As the opening speaker at a rally protesting Occidental’s investments in companies that were doing business in apartheid South Africa, he stood with one hand in his pocket, spoke in declarative spurts, and showed no sign of being the orator who would become President nearly twenty-eight years later. Before he could say much, he was carried off by two students pretending to be oppressive Afrikaners.</p><div class="ContentHeaderContainer-bwZszI QmoTq" data-testid="ContentHeaderContainer"><div class="ContentHeaderTitleBlockWrapper-jrcGkJ bqLcSy" data-event-boundary="click" data-event-click="{"pattern":"TitleBlock"}" data-in-view="{"pattern":"TitleBlock"}" data-include-experiments="true" data-testid="ContentHeaderTitleBlockWrapper"></div></div></time></div><div class="ContentHeaderBylineContent-cheJen eevsnA"><time class="BaseWrap-sc-UABmB BaseText-fETRLB ContentHeaderPublishDate-kdfRBW hkSZSE gymDyQ OxnzN" data-testid="ContentHeaderPublishDate"><div class="BylinesWrapper-hllaqY fRgcfR bylines ContentHeaderBylines-kamYfZ eRSnGy" data-testid="BylinesWrapper"><p class="BylineWrapper-ijzcXT bOQpVs byline bylines__byline" data-testid="BylineWrapper" itemprop="author" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><br /></p></div></time></div></div></div></div><aside class="PersistentAsideWrapper-PzdtF gThchl persistent-aside persistent-aside--align-left-lead-asset" data-testid="PersistentAsideWrapper" style="height: 4002.45px; 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position: absolute; top: 310.5px;"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-etBStc yHHpz sticky-box ContentHeaderPersistentAside-cTHpSo eyYEKX"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-fEMnhf fsgBSt sticky-box__primary"><div class="SocialIconsWrapper-ixrowF fUUXYj social-icons social-icons--circular ContentHeaderSocialIcons-cangvo bnnrvH social-icons--share" data-event-boundary="click" data-event-click="{"pattern":"SocialIcons"}" data-in-view="{"pattern":"SocialIcons"}" data-include-experiments="true"><ul class="SocialIconsList-NoeHs fYYZvV social-icons__list" data-testid="socialIconslist"><div class="AlertWrapper-dYMvAc bGEkwt" data-event-boundary="click" data-event-click="{"pattern":"Alert"}" data-in-view="{"pattern":"Alert"}" data-include-experiments="true" role="tooltip"><div aria-hidden="true" class="AlertArrow-dBHhjm jNCtLu alert-arrow" role="presentation"></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-UABmB BaseText-fETRLB AlertMessage-kUXaro iTPKVT dmarIC hbLUHE alert-message"><div></div></div></div></ul></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholder-jNlcnQ iaiPiw"></div></div></aside></header></div><div class="ArticlePageContentBackGround-eBLAnZ eswkA-D" data-attribute-verso-pattern="article-body"><div class="LightboxWrapper-bgeFLR drWOF"><div class="ArticlePageChunksContent-hrnveX lageKG" data-event-boundary="click" data-event-click="{"pattern":"ChunkedArticleContent"}" data-in-view="{"pattern":"ChunkedArticleContent"}" data-include-experiments="true"><div class="ArticlePageChunks-lgQXyi bmkivz" data-testid="ArticlePageChunks"><div class="GridWrapper-vhRNW ejjPvE grid grid-margins grid-items-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-kRMzIi cnexyt grid-layout--adrail narrow wide-adrail"><div class="GridItem-bvxNJE bvxzcI grid--item grid-layout__content"><div class="BodyWrapper-csHumu frQdTm body body__container article__body" data-journey-hook="client-content" data-testid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__inner-container"><inline-embed attrs="[object Object]" childtypes="gallery" contenttype="callout:feature-default" name="feature-default"><img alt="Organizers and speakers at the rally. Wahid Hamid and Barack Obama are seated at left Hasan Chandoo seated and Caroline..." class="ResponsiveImageContainer-dmuwLx fydubv responsive-image__image" sizes="100vw" src="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980651c7a8e33fb390b3c/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/obama-1981-rallylineup.jpg" srcset="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980651c7a8e33fb390b3c/master/w_120,c_limit/obama-1981-rallylineup.jpg 120w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980651c7a8e33fb390b3c/master/w_240,c_limit/obama-1981-rallylineup.jpg 240w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980651c7a8e33fb390b3c/master/w_320,c_limit/obama-1981-rallylineup.jpg 320w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980651c7a8e33fb390b3c/master/w_640,c_limit/obama-1981-rallylineup.jpg 640w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980651c7a8e33fb390b3c/master/w_960,c_limit/obama-1981-rallylineup.jpg 960w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980651c7a8e33fb390b3c/master/w_1280,c_limit/obama-1981-rallylineup.jpg 1280w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980651c7a8e33fb390b3c/master/w_1600,c_limit/obama-1981-rallylineup.jpg 1600w" /><img alt="At left Richard C. Gilman Occidentals president from 19651988. When he entered Coons Hall for a meeting of the college..." class="ResponsiveImageContainer-dmuwLx fydubv responsive-image__image" sizes="100vw" src="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980668b51cf59fc424637/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/obama-1981-gilman.jpg" srcset="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980668b51cf59fc424637/master/w_120,c_limit/obama-1981-gilman.jpg 120w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980668b51cf59fc424637/master/w_240,c_limit/obama-1981-gilman.jpg 240w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980668b51cf59fc424637/master/w_320,c_limit/obama-1981-gilman.jpg 320w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980668b51cf59fc424637/master/w_640,c_limit/obama-1981-gilman.jpg 640w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980668b51cf59fc424637/master/w_960,c_limit/obama-1981-gilman.jpg 960w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980668b51cf59fc424637/master/w_1280,c_limit/obama-1981-gilman.jpg 1280w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980668b51cf59fc424637/master/w_1600,c_limit/obama-1981-gilman.jpg 1600w" /><img alt="Students from a wide range of social circles came together at the rally and chanted slogans like “Freedom in Money Out”" class="ResponsiveImageContainer-dmuwLx fydubv responsive-image__image" sizes="100vw" src="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067fba4e90c8d8d91bf/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/obama-1981-rally-crowd.jpg" srcset="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067fba4e90c8d8d91bf/master/w_120,c_limit/obama-1981-rally-crowd.jpg 120w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067fba4e90c8d8d91bf/master/w_240,c_limit/obama-1981-rally-crowd.jpg 240w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067fba4e90c8d8d91bf/master/w_320,c_limit/obama-1981-rally-crowd.jpg 320w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067fba4e90c8d8d91bf/master/w_640,c_limit/obama-1981-rally-crowd.jpg 640w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067fba4e90c8d8d91bf/master/w_960,c_limit/obama-1981-rally-crowd.jpg 960w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067fba4e90c8d8d91bf/master/w_1280,c_limit/obama-1981-rally-crowd.jpg 1280w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067fba4e90c8d8d91bf/master/w_1600,c_limit/obama-1981-rally-crowd.jpg 1600w" /><img alt="The campus in 1981 with a view of Thorne Hall the auditorium where Dick Gregory Phyllis Schlafly and Gloria Steinem had..." class="ResponsiveImageContainer-dmuwLx fydubv responsive-image__image" sizes="100vw" src="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067019dfc3494ea4097/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/obama-1981-campus.jpg" srcset="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067019dfc3494ea4097/master/w_120,c_limit/obama-1981-campus.jpg 120w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067019dfc3494ea4097/master/w_240,c_limit/obama-1981-campus.jpg 240w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067019dfc3494ea4097/master/w_320,c_limit/obama-1981-campus.jpg 320w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067019dfc3494ea4097/master/w_640,c_limit/obama-1981-campus.jpg 640w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067019dfc3494ea4097/master/w_960,c_limit/obama-1981-campus.jpg 960w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067019dfc3494ea4097/master/w_1280,c_limit/obama-1981-campus.jpg 1280w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098067019dfc3494ea4097/master/w_1600,c_limit/obama-1981-campus.jpg 1600w" /><img alt="Obama in “The “Fishbowl” a basement room of the library where he often studied." class="ResponsiveImageContainer-dmuwLx fydubv responsive-image__image" sizes="100vw" src="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098068019dfc3494ea4099/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/obama-1981-library.jpg" srcset="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098068019dfc3494ea4099/master/w_120,c_limit/obama-1981-library.jpg 120w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098068019dfc3494ea4099/master/w_240,c_limit/obama-1981-library.jpg 240w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098068019dfc3494ea4099/master/w_320,c_limit/obama-1981-library.jpg 320w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098068019dfc3494ea4099/master/w_640,c_limit/obama-1981-library.jpg 640w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098068019dfc3494ea4099/master/w_960,c_limit/obama-1981-library.jpg 960w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098068019dfc3494ea4099/master/w_1280,c_limit/obama-1981-library.jpg 1280w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098068019dfc3494ea4099/master/w_1600,c_limit/obama-1981-library.jpg 1600w" /><img alt="Photographer Tom Grauman. He and coeditor Alex McNear founded the literary journal Feast in which Obamas poems..." class="ResponsiveImageContainer-dmuwLx fydubv responsive-image__image" sizes="100vw" src="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805b019dfc3494ea4085/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/obama-1981-tombyjoeormel.jpg" srcset="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805b019dfc3494ea4085/master/w_120,c_limit/obama-1981-tombyjoeormel.jpg 120w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805b019dfc3494ea4085/master/w_240,c_limit/obama-1981-tombyjoeormel.jpg 240w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805b019dfc3494ea4085/master/w_320,c_limit/obama-1981-tombyjoeormel.jpg 320w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805b019dfc3494ea4085/master/w_640,c_limit/obama-1981-tombyjoeormel.jpg 640w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805b019dfc3494ea4085/master/w_960,c_limit/obama-1981-tombyjoeormel.jpg 960w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805b019dfc3494ea4085/master/w_1280,c_limit/obama-1981-tombyjoeormel.jpg 1280w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805b019dfc3494ea4085/master/w_1600,c_limit/obama-1981-tombyjoeormel.jpg 1600w" /><img alt="Feast production manager Alan Dubinsky at work with Alex McNear." class="ResponsiveImageContainer-dmuwLx fydubv responsive-image__image" sizes="100vw" src="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9884/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/obama-1981-feast-alan-alex.jpg" srcset="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9884/master/w_120,c_limit/obama-1981-feast-alan-alex.jpg 120w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9884/master/w_240,c_limit/obama-1981-feast-alan-alex.jpg 240w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9884/master/w_320,c_limit/obama-1981-feast-alan-alex.jpg 320w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9884/master/w_640,c_limit/obama-1981-feast-alan-alex.jpg 640w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9884/master/w_960,c_limit/obama-1981-feast-alan-alex.jpg 960w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9884/master/w_1280,c_limit/obama-1981-feast-alan-alex.jpg 1280w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9884/master/w_1600,c_limit/obama-1981-feast-alan-alex.jpg 1600w" /><img alt="Alex McNears friendship with Obama deepened in New York during the summer of 1982 a year after he left Occidental and..." class="ResponsiveImageContainer-dmuwLx fydubv responsive-image__image" sizes="100vw" src="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9886/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/obama-1981-alex.jpg" srcset="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9886/master/w_120,c_limit/obama-1981-alex.jpg 120w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9886/master/w_240,c_limit/obama-1981-alex.jpg 240w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9886/master/w_320,c_limit/obama-1981-alex.jpg 320w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9886/master/w_640,c_limit/obama-1981-alex.jpg 640w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9886/master/w_960,c_limit/obama-1981-alex.jpg 960w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9886/master/w_1280,c_limit/obama-1981-alex.jpg 1280w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980572179605b11ad9886/master/w_1600,c_limit/obama-1981-alex.jpg 1600w" /><img alt="Senior Caroline Boss a leader in the campus movement for divestiture who formed part of the composite character Regina..." class="ResponsiveImageContainer-dmuwLx fydubv responsive-image__image" sizes="100vw" src="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098058019dfc3494ea407f/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/obama-1981-caroline.jpg" srcset="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098058019dfc3494ea407f/master/w_120,c_limit/obama-1981-caroline.jpg 120w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098058019dfc3494ea407f/master/w_240,c_limit/obama-1981-caroline.jpg 240w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098058019dfc3494ea407f/master/w_320,c_limit/obama-1981-caroline.jpg 320w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098058019dfc3494ea407f/master/w_640,c_limit/obama-1981-caroline.jpg 640w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098058019dfc3494ea407f/master/w_960,c_limit/obama-1981-caroline.jpg 960w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098058019dfc3494ea407f/master/w_1280,c_limit/obama-1981-caroline.jpg 1280w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/59098058019dfc3494ea407f/master/w_1600,c_limit/obama-1981-caroline.jpg 1600w" /><img alt="Margot Mifflin with Obama. They were part of a group of writers who met in a poetry seminar." class="ResponsiveImageContainer-dmuwLx fydubv responsive-image__image" sizes="100vw" src="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980591c7a8e33fb390b2a/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/obama-1981-margot.jpg" srcset="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980591c7a8e33fb390b2a/master/w_120,c_limit/obama-1981-margot.jpg 120w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980591c7a8e33fb390b2a/master/w_240,c_limit/obama-1981-margot.jpg 240w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980591c7a8e33fb390b2a/master/w_320,c_limit/obama-1981-margot.jpg 320w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980591c7a8e33fb390b2a/master/w_640,c_limit/obama-1981-margot.jpg 640w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980591c7a8e33fb390b2a/master/w_960,c_limit/obama-1981-margot.jpg 960w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980591c7a8e33fb390b2a/master/w_1280,c_limit/obama-1981-margot.jpg 1280w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980591c7a8e33fb390b2a/master/w_1600,c_limit/obama-1981-margot.jpg 1600w" /><img alt="Obamas friendship with Chuck Jensvold grew out of their shared literary ambition. Obama continued to send his work to..." class="ResponsiveImageContainer-dmuwLx fydubv responsive-image__image" sizes="100vw" src="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980598b51cf59fc424619/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/obama-1981-chuck.jpg" srcset="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980598b51cf59fc424619/master/w_120,c_limit/obama-1981-chuck.jpg 120w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980598b51cf59fc424619/master/w_240,c_limit/obama-1981-chuck.jpg 240w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980598b51cf59fc424619/master/w_320,c_limit/obama-1981-chuck.jpg 320w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980598b51cf59fc424619/master/w_640,c_limit/obama-1981-chuck.jpg 640w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980598b51cf59fc424619/master/w_960,c_limit/obama-1981-chuck.jpg 960w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980598b51cf59fc424619/master/w_1280,c_limit/obama-1981-chuck.jpg 1280w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/590980598b51cf59fc424619/master/w_1600,c_limit/obama-1981-chuck.jpg 1600w" /><img alt="Rebecca Rivera who delivered a speech about racial problems on campus and Obamas Ghanaian friend Kofi Manu at the Ujima..." class="ResponsiveImageContainer-dmuwLx fydubv responsive-image__image" sizes="100vw" src="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805a019dfc3494ea4083/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/obama-1981-becky-manu.jpg" srcset="https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805a019dfc3494ea4083/master/w_120,c_limit/obama-1981-becky-manu.jpg 120w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805a019dfc3494ea4083/master/w_240,c_limit/obama-1981-becky-manu.jpg 240w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805a019dfc3494ea4083/master/w_320,c_limit/obama-1981-becky-manu.jpg 320w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805a019dfc3494ea4083/master/w_640,c_limit/obama-1981-becky-manu.jpg 640w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805a019dfc3494ea4083/master/w_960,c_limit/obama-1981-becky-manu.jpg 960w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805a019dfc3494ea4083/master/w_1280,c_limit/obama-1981-becky-manu.jpg 1280w, https://media.newyorker.com/photos/5909805a019dfc3494ea4083/master/w_1600,c_limit/obama-1981-becky-manu.jpg 1600w" /></inline-embed></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="GalleryEmbedWrapper-jDGPWh bnuSSF gallery-embed" data-event-boundary="click" data-event-click="{"pattern":"GalleryEmbed"}" data-in-view="{"pattern":"GalleryEmbed"}" data-include-experiments="true"><figcaption class="GalleryEmbedCaptionWrapper-dWITaP dNGnep" data-event-boundary="click" data-event-click="{"pattern":"GalleryEmbedCaption"}" data-in-view="{"pattern":"GalleryEmbedCaption"}" data-include-experiments="true"><div class="BaseWrap-sc-UABmB BaseText-fETRLB GalleryEmbedCredit-dXiXgb kcMmoF dmCrLu jSjWgL">Photograph by Thomas Grauman</div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-UABmB BaseText-fETRLB GalleryEmbedCaptionSlideBody-iUswpb dVgfji dcaKFb">The rally at Coons Hall, February 18, 1981. Obama is seated next to the loudspeaker at right. South African speaker Tim Ngubeni is at the podium.</div></figcaption><hr class="GalleryEmbedHr-lcPZiU eSpqmA gallery-embed__hr" /></div><p class="paywall">On February 18, 1981, a student at Occidental College, Barack Obama, delivered his first public speech. As the opening speaker at a rally protesting Occidental’s investments in companies that were doing business in apartheid South Africa, he stood with one hand in his pocket, spoke in declarative spurts, and showed no sign of being the orator who would become President nearly twenty-eight years later. Before he could say much, he was carried off by two students pretending to be oppressive Afrikaners.</p><p class="paywall">I was a student at Occidental then, too. So was Tom Grauman, a sophomore who took thousands of photos for the Office of Communications, a selection of which can be seen in the slide show above. Many of Grauman's photographs documented formative events and influential people in Obama’s life at that time, including Obama’s friends and fellow-organizers Hasan Chandoo and Caroline Boss, his friends Wahid Hamid and Laurent Delanney, and two activists, Earl Chew and Sara-Etta Harris, who spoke at the rally and who later appeared in the composite characters Marcus and Regina in “Dreams from My Father.”</p><div><div aria-hidden="true" class="ConsumerMarketingUnitThemedWrapper-kkguSn begTBt consumer-marketing-unit consumer-marketing-unit--article-mid-content" role="presentation"><div class="consumer-marketing-unit__slot consumer-marketing-unit__slot--article-mid-content consumer-marketing-unit__slot--in-content"></div><div class="fbididl"></div></div></div><p class="paywall">Grauman also took pictures of Obama’s writer friends, some of whom, including me, had met him in an electrifying poetry seminar in which we read Sylvia Plath, W. S. Merwin, and Charles Bukowski. Others published, as he did, in the literary journal <em>Feast</em>, which Grauman founded that year with Alex McNear, whom Obama later dated. We were all at the rally, including his friend Chuck Jensvold, who wrote noir-inflected stories and talked a little like he’d just stepped out of “Double Indemnity.” Jensvold and I videotaped the event for a class in video production. We later watched it over and over again, never quite resolving what story it told.</p><div class="Container-inlOGG fUgTuc" data-event-boundary="click" data-event-click="{"pattern":"CNEInterludeEmbed"}" data-in-view="{"pattern":"CNEInterludeEmbed"}" data-include-experiments="true"><figure class="VideoFigure-hZowtG flummt" data-testid="cne-interlude-container"><p class="BaseWrap-sc-UABmB BaseText-fETRLB InterludeHeader-bpAIKu hkSZSE irSMRf eJaxmH">Video From The New Yorker</p><p class="BaseWrap-sc-UABmB BaseText-fETRLB InterludeTitle-bLYeYt hkSZSE gnBlzP cNgBjz"><a class="BaseWrap-sc-UABmB BaseText-fETRLB BaseLink-hawaGs InterludeTitleLink-bgdDUZ hkSZSE eDcklA iOIzHn IjeMv" href="https://www.newyorker.com/video/watch/still-standing" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">The Eightysomethings Launching Standup-Comedy Career</a>In retrospect, one clear narrative emerges: The rally was not, as advertised, entirely about apartheid. It was about the racial issues smoldering on our own privileged, largely white campus, a subject some of the speakers passionately addressed. Students of color felt marginalized, and the faculty was not diverse. “We call this rally today to bring attention to Occidental’s investment in South Africa and Occidental’s lack of investment in multicultural education,” Obama said, before he was carried off. Though the rally had no effect on the former (the college didn’t divest), Occidental’s minority population, which is now over forty per cent, has since quadrupled.</p></figure></div><p class="paywall">Culturally, the demonstration marked a curious moment in the evolution of campus activism. Two months earlier, John Lennon’s murder seemed to have snuffed the embers of the sixties once and for all. Three days later the Clash released “Sandinista,” an album that expressed a global political awareness through a fusion of world and punk music well suited to our multicultural moment. Yet our rally opened with folksingers doing “Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child” and referenced Kent State and Haight-Ashbury.</p><p><a aria-label="Share on Twitter" class="external-link SocialIconExternalLink-guLVhU fzwNUo social-icons__link social-icons__link--twitter" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLink","outgoingURL":"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-desk%2Fobama-at-occidental%3Futm_source%3Dtwitter%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3Donsite-share%26utm_brand%3Dthe-new-yorker%26utm_social-type%3Dearned&text=Obama%20at%20Occidental&via=NewYorker"}" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-desk%2Fobama-at-occidental%3Futm_source%3Dtwitter%26utm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_campaign%3Donsite-share%26utm_brand%3Dthe-new-yorker%26utm_social-type%3Dearned&text=Obama%20at%20Occidental&via=NewYorker" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a aria-label="Share via Email" class="external-link SocialIconExternalLink-guLVhU fzwNUo social-icons__link social-icons__link--email" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLink","outgoingURL":"mailto:?subject=Obama%20at%20Occidental&body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-desk%2Fobama-at-occidental%3Futm_source%3Donsite-share%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_campaign%3Donsite-share%26utm_brand%3Dthe-new-yorker"}" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a aria-label="Print" class="external-link SocialIconExternalLink-guLVhU hVfrYW social-icons__link social-icons__link--print" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLink","outgoingURL":"#"}" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/obama-at-occidental#" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a aria-label="Save story. Press Enter to save this story for later. Press Escape to dismiss tooltip." class="external-link SocialIconExternalLink-guLVhU tKrKX social-icons__link social-icons__link--bookmark" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLink","outgoingURL":"#"}" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/obama-at-occidental#" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><inline-embed attrs="[object Object]" childtypes="gallery" contenttype="callout:feature-default" name="feature-default"></inline-embed></p><p class="paywall">Decades later, Obama would spur a new generation of students into political action, forging a connection between sixties radicals and media-savvy millennials. But in the winter of 1981, he was just testing his courage. “I really wanted to stay up there,” he wrote in “Dreams from My Father.” “I had so much more to say.”</p>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-58897675759659352122022-01-07T12:27:00.003+00:002022-01-07T12:27:31.417+00:00Why does Classic FM hire ex-BBC presenters?<p> I was delighted when John Humphrys stopped doing BBC Radio 4 Today programme when he was so obviously way past his best.</p><p>But why Global’s Classic FM management thinks he knows enough about classical music to present for them escapes me. Or maybe the automated selection of “the world’s favourite music” doesn’t require any expert knowledge.</p><p>Yet quite a lot of their regulars do know what they are talking about - so how do I get a job with Classic FM???</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-3618801336245846172021-11-04T19:13:00.000+00:002021-11-04T19:13:16.166+00:00TONIGHT IS MISCHIEF NIGHT<div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFjv8BokduwPyeP6nJrxctcJrhG1o6AU2Nd2sM9_lqFjSmhO9qas-Dc1qZVJeVOVzMa210ofj1wRLon-qhSMsOCur5Wmk7i5XToa0uvXFo4_smkHAlSvUR-cfqcBN2ynFeyzvRjbOfFfBq/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /><img alt="" data-original-height="389" data-original-width="500" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFjv8BokduwPyeP6nJrxctcJrhG1o6AU2Nd2sM9_lqFjSmhO9qas-Dc1qZVJeVOVzMa210ofj1wRLon-qhSMsOCur5Wmk7i5XToa0uvXFo4_smkHAlSvUR-cfqcBN2ynFeyzvRjbOfFfBq/" width="308" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Growing up in Yorkshire meant that there was a lot happening before snd during bonfire night. </div><br />Apart from the fact that Fawkes and some of the other plotters were old boys of my old school (<a href="https://www.stpetersyork.org.uk/" target="_blank">St Peter's School, York</a>), all Yorkshire children knew that the night before the 5th of November was when Guy was sitting on barrels of gunpowder underneath parliament. So the evening of 4th November was time for some childish and sometimes dangerous fun, like putting lighted fireworks through people's letterboxes.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><img alt="Say Goodbye To London’s Iconic Red Telephone Boxes!" height="182" src="blob:https://draft.blogger.com/fc9639e7-5764-4eb1-abcb-154d93a27ef1" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_5" width="312" /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;">More childish but easy enough in the days when phone-boxes were everywhere and calls only cost a few old pence to make was to phone people up whom you'd never met. For example if you knew that "Smellie" was a real surname, you could find plenty of targets in a phone directory. Friends could then cram into a phone-box and dial a carefully selected number. When someone answered, the dialogue would go more like this:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span> <b>Answerer: </b>"Hello.'</span><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span> <b> Caller: </b>"Are you Smellie?"</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span><span> </span></span></span>A<b>nswerer:</b> "Yes, who are you and what do you want?"</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span> <b> Caller: </b>"Just phoning to say we think </span>it's time you had a bath." <b><i> CHILD PUTS DOWN PHONE</i></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><i> </i><b>All in phone-box:</b><span><span style="font-style: italic;"> </span>Loud </span>laughing and giggling.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><i><br /></i></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;"><b>_______________________________________________</b></span></div><div><i><u><span style="color: red;"><b><br /></b></span></u></i></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Mischief-night on 4th November was a tradition throughout the North of England. But, on going down South 200 miles to Reading University, I was surprised to learn that most of the other students had never heard of it. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Was this because people didn't do that kind of thing in southern England or because young adults wouldn't admit to such daft behaviour?</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">My research suggests it was a real North-South difference, but a remaining question is whether the American obsession with Halloween has become so entrenched here that 4th and 5th November have become much less significant than they once were?</span></span></div>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-21037191085281641052021-10-23T19:54:00.004+01:002021-10-23T19:54:57.111+01:00ASSISTED DYING DEBATE: Why was suicide ever a crime?<p><br /></p><div class="header"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-9 text"><h1>Lords debates Assisted Dying Bill at second reading</h1><p class="sub-heading">22 October 2021 </p></div><div class="col-md-3 calendar"><div aria-hidden="true" class="calendar-sheet float-right"></div></div></div></div><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-8 primary-content"><div class="introduction"><p><strong>Members of the Lords will debate the main principles and purpose of the Assisted Dying Bill during second reading, on Friday 22 October.</strong></p></div><div class="main-body"><div class="month" style="text-align: center;"><strike><img alt="There is no description available for this image (ID: 158188)" height="160" src="https://www.parliament.uk/contentassets/18d51871715d4a13bddd6340076500d3/lords-chamber-b-meacher-web-r5b_2494.jpg?width=1000&quality=80" width="495" /></strike></div><p>The <a href="https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/2875">Assisted Dying Bill</a> seeks to enable adults who are terminally ill to be provided at their request with specified assistance to end their own life.</p><h2><strong>Debate on assisted dying</strong></h2><p>Members will discuss the key areas of the bill during the <a href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/how/laws/passage-bill/lords/lrds-lords-second-reading/">second reading debate</a> from 10am. </p><h4><strong>Members speaking</strong></h4><p><a href="https://members.parliament.uk/member/3810/contact">Baroness Meacher</a> (Crossbench), chair of Dignity in Dying and the bill's sponsor in the Lords, will open the debate.</p><p><a href="https://whatson.parliament.uk/event/cal35913">Nearly 140 members</a> are expected to take part, including:</p><ul><li><a href="https://members.parliament.uk/member/3804/contact">Barones Butler-Sloss</a> (Crossbench), former head of the Family Division of the High Court</li><li><a href="https://members.parliament.uk/member/4252/contact">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, leader of the Church of England</li><li><a href="https://members.parliament.uk/member/3609/contact">Baroness Finlay of Llandaff</a> (Crossbench), Vice President of Hospice UK and Professor of Palliative Medicine</li><li><a href="https://members.parliament.uk/member/1883/contact">Lord Mackay of Clashfern</a> (Conservative), former Lord Advocate of Scotland and Lord Chancellor</li><li><a href="https://members.parliament.uk/member/4288/contact">Lord Paddick</a> (Liberal Democrat), former Metropolitan Police Deputy Assistant Commissioner</li><li><a href="https://members.parliament.uk/member/1770/contact">Lord Winston</a> (Labour), doctor, scientist and broadcaster.</li></ul><p>Other members taking part represent a wide range of professions and diverse personal experiences.</p><p><a href="https://members.parliament.uk/member/4927/contact">Baroness Davidson of Lundin Links</a> (Conservative), former leader of the Scottish Conservatives, is expected to make her <a href="https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/maiden-speech/">maiden speec</a><a href="https://members.parliament.uk/member/4901/contact">Lord Wolfson of Tredegar</a> (Conservative), Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in the Ministry of Justice, will respond on behalf of the government.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>_______________________________________________________________</b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>I was fascinated by yesterday morning's </span>Today programme which had quite a long interview on this debate in the House of Lords - probably because there was a time when I was regarded as quite an expert on the subject (in</span><span> 1978, the Macmillan Press </span><span>published</span><i> </i><span style="font-size: large;">a book based on my PhD thesis :</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i> SUICIDE AND THE SOCIAL ORGANISATION OF SUDDEN DEATH</i> (London, The Macmillan Press)*.</span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: large;">Brief history of English law on suicide</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The '<a class="new" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burial_of_Suicide_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Burial of Suicide Act (page does not exist)">Burial of Suicide Act</a>' of 1823 had abolished the legal requirement in England of burying suicides at crossroads.</span></p><div class="D6j0vc"><div class="gXmnc s6JM6d" id="center_col"><div id="taw"><div></div><div></div><div id="tvcap"></div></div><div class="eqAnXb" id="res" role="main"><div id="topstuff"></div><div id="search"><div data-hveid="CAEQMQ" data-ved="2ahUKEwjXg-7Y6ODzAhU9A2MBHTBWBh0QGnoECAEQMQ"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ULSxyf"><div class="g mnr-c g-blk" data-hveid="CAIQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjXg-7Y6ODzAhU9A2MBHTBWBh0QjDYoAHoECAIQAA" lang="en-GB"><div class="kp-blk c2xzTb"><div class="xpdopen"><div class="ifM9O"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="yp1CPe wDYxhc NFQFxe viOShc LKPcQc" data-md="471" lang="en-GB"><div class="V3FYCf"><div class="wDYxhc NFQFxe viOShc LKPcQc" data-md="25" lang="en-GB" style="clear: none;"><div aria-level="3" class="HwtpBd gsrt PZPZlf kTOYnf" data-hveid="CBAQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjXg-7Y6ODzAhU9A2MBHTBWBh0QtwcoAHoECBAQAA" role="heading"><div class="Z0LcW XcVN5d AZCkJd d2J77b" data-tts-text="Sir Charles Fletcher-Cooke" data-tts="answers"><div class="IZ6rdc"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fletcher-Cooke" target="_blank">Sir Charles Fletcher-Cooke</a> then an MP was the principal figure behind the emergence, introduction and passage of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_Act_1961" title="Suicide Act 1961">Suicide Act 1961</a> which decriminalised suicide across the United Kingdom. He had been campaigning for it at least decade beforehand apart from some Catholic and conservative Anglican opposition, the bill passed easily.</span></div><div class="IZ6rdc"></div></div></div></div></div></div><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Before that, suicide was officially a crime which, among other things, gave significant others an incentive to conceal evidence from coroners to avoid a suicide verdict at the inquest. This had less to do </span>with the 'shame' of <span style="font-family: inherit;"> haviItng a r</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">elative, </span><span style="font-size: medium;">friend or colleague who'd </span><span style="font-size: large;">just done something illegal and was a criminal than the fact that such a verdict had </span><span style="font-size: medium;">negative financial implications for survivors: e.g. life insurance companies refusing to </span><span style="font-size: large;">pay a lump-sum or pension on the death of people who had killed themselves.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">MPs knew about the awful post-suicide problems their constituents faced which is no doubt why </span><span style="font-size: large;">the bill passed so easily.</span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: large;">What changed in 1961?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">1. Suicide </span><span style="font-size: large;">ceased to be a crime.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">2. But criminal liability for </span><span style="font-size: large;">encouraging or assisting </span><span style="font-size: medium;">in another’s suicide was still a </span><span style="font-size: medium;">crime.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The second of these is what's currently being debated in parliament.</span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: large;">Why did suicide become a crime in the first place?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">This had little or nothing to do with religion, ethics or any other concerns in recent debates, </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">In the much more distant past, English monarchs thought a good idea for suicide to be a felony because the wealth and property of those convicted of a felony automatically went into the crown's pocket.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">____________________________________________________________</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">*</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Discovering-Suicide-Studies-Social-Organization/dp/0333345533/ref=kwrp_li_std_nodl" style="font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">https://www.amazon.co.uk/Discovering-Suicide-Studies-Social-Organization/dp/0333345533/ref=kwrp_li_std_nod</a>l</p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><div class="celwidget flavor-3100" data-csa-c-id="y6m307-q9s91m-g8bajh-f88tx" data-feature-name="booksImageBlock" id="booksImageBlock_feature_div"><div class="a-row" id="imageBlockOuter"><div class="a-row" id="imageBlock" style="height: 306.667px; width: 200px;"><div class="a-row" id="imageBlock" style="height: 306.667px; text-align: center; width: 200px;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><img height="340" src="blob:https://draft.blogger.com/adda2a22-5a5a-47bb-ae3b-09e66198a2e5" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1" width="222" /></span></div><br /><div style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-82096862440274200482021-05-11T17:23:00.000+01:002021-05-11T17:23:05.798+01:00The Queen's Speech: an exception that proves the ruler<p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">This blog is from 22 years ago when the Queen opened parliament by reading a speech written for her by Gordon Brown's Labour government. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">I watched her reading the whole of today's specch prepared by Boris Johnson's Conservative government - not becase I'm particularly interested in their plans for the coming year but because I do like to inspect the standard of speechwriting (which was quite impressive this year) and, just as interesting, whether our 95 year-old Queen still has the ability to deliver a boring, neutral and uninspiring speech. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">On this morning's evidence, the answer to this is a resounding YES!</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">What follows is the blog I wrote 20+ years ago.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="color: red;"><b>____________________________</b></span><br /></span></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
</span></span><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">At the State Opening of Parliament on 3rd December, the Queen, as she
does every year, will be reading out her government's legislative plans
for the months ahead. Most commentators will be listening to the Speech
to find out what Gordon Brown is going to be putting on the statute book
in 2009.</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
</span></span><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;">How <i>not</i> to speak inspiringly</span></b></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;"> </span></b></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
</span></span><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
But you can also listen to it as a model of how <span style="font-style: italic;">not</span> to give an inspiring speech.</span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
</span></span><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
</span></span><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
Public speaking at its best depends both on the language used to package
the key messages and the way it is delivered. Using rhetoric,
maintaining eye contact with the audience, pausing regularly and in
particular places, stressing certain words and changing intonation are
all essential ingredients in the cocktail for conveying passion and
inspiring an audience. This is why it is so easy to ‘dehumanise’ the
speech of Daleks and other talking robots by the simple device of
stripping out any hint of intonational variation and have them speak in a
flat, regular and monotonous tone of voice.</span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
</span></span><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
</span></span><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
When it comes to sounding unenthusiastic and uninterested in inspiring
an audience, the Queen’s Speech is an example with few serious
competitors. She has no qualms about being seen to be wearing
spectacles, which underline the fact that she is reading carefully from
the script she holds so obviously in front of her. </span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"> </span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">Nor is she in the
least bit inhibited about fixing her eyes on the text rather than the
audience. Then, as she enunciates the sentences, her tone is so
disinterested as to make it abundantly clear that she is merely reciting
words written by someone else and about which she has no personal
feelings or opinions whatsoever.</span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
</span></span><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
</span></span><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
This is, of course, how it has to be in a constitutional monarchy, where
the head of state has to be publicly seen and heard as neutral about the policies of whatever political party happens to have
ended up in power. The Queen knows, just as everyone else knows, that
showing enthusiasm, or lack of it, about the law-making plans of her
government would lead to a serious crisis that would be more than her
job is worth. So, even when announcing plans to ban hunting with hounds,
she managed not to convey the slightest hint of disappointment or
irritation that a favorite pastime of her immediate family was about to
be outlawed.</span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
</span></span><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;">
The Queen’s Speech is therefore an interesting exception to the normal
rules of effective public speaking, and her whole approach is a fine
example of how to deal with those rare occasions when you have to
conceal what you really feel about the things you are talking about.</span></span><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: times;"> </span></span></p>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-44738269192289860522021-05-05T16:14:00.001+01:002021-05-05T16:17:32.655+01:00Shakespeare as speechwriter<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">In my continuously
failing efforts to tidy up my study, I came across a programme for a Royal Shakespeare
Company production of Julius Caesar at Stratford upon Avon in 1992 (below). </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img alt="" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="240" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpxVogkp9_6EUdhZTbdubnZmza5uopIMqLi20to__Rj1wW88n3cuyrhfxYSm9vY-1BTIs5vPEqOv-omT8j0PwR2XwGGfSUOPO5UEKNoNfkGSpcxjFrc6-IKwVuo9urvmrCmw1qzhCqNavs/" width="180" /></div><p></p><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">I'd forgotten that
the RSC had asked me to write a thousand-word article for it, in exchange for
which they gave me two free seats at an actual performance. </span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Reading it all these
years later, it struck me as better than I expected - and at least good enough to put on
my blog.</span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">___________________________________________________</span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">SHAKESPEARE AS SPEECHWRITER</span></b><span class="MsoSubtleEmphasis"><span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: FR;"></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">… so little has the language of persuasion changed in
the last four hundred years that, were Shakespeare to return today, he would
have no trouble in marketing his services to contemporary politicians …</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">When it comes to writing
speeches to “stir men’s blood”, Shakespeare exhibits a mastery equal to that
found in the classical Roman times about which he was writing. For someone
living in an era when education was more or less synonymous with learning the classics,
it was hardly surprising that he had a good understanding of rhetoric. Perhaps
less obvious is the fact that the rhetorical techniques used by Mark Antony are
much the same as those used by today’s politicians in their attempts to win our
hearts and minds and votes.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Recent research, based on
analyses of video-recorded political speeches has examined sequences where
audiences applaud something said by a speaker. This makes it possible to
identify forms of language and modes of delivery that literally “move”
audiences to applaud what the speaker just said with a physical and audible
display of approval.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">One of the main findings is
that about 75% of the bursts of applause during political speeches occurs after
the use of seven rhetorical devices, most of which feature prominently in the
Forum speech. For example, rhetorical questions come thick and fast. Even
before his first one, Mark Antony opens with one</span><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>there might be a case for giving praise where
praise was due.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">An equally dramatic difference
in tone would have resulted had the second contrast had b</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> of the simplest rhetorical devices, a list containing
three items: <i>“Friends, Romans, Countrymen”. </i>Famous examples from later
centuries include political slogans like <i>“</i></span><i><span lang="FR" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">L</span></i><i><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">iberté,
egalité, fraternité” </span></i><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">and<i> “Ein Volk, ein Reich,
ein</i> <i><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Führer” </span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">A more important device involves
the use of various forms of contrast, such as Margaret Thatcher’s <i>“You turn
if you want to – the lady’s not for turning”</i> and John F Kennedy’s <i>“Ask
not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country.”</i>
Mark Antony launches into his speech with two consecutive contrasts: <i>“I come
to bury Caesar, not to praise him”</i> and <i>“The evil that men do lives after
them. The good is oft interred with their bones.”</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">This early use of powerfully
formulated lines highlights the importance of both of striking an immediate
chord with an audience and of establishing the mood and agenda of what’s to
come. His opening is well crafted on each of these fronts and the structures
reveal a recognition of the importance of details like the order in which the
two parts of a contrast should be delivered. It is usually the second part with
which the audience will wish to affiliate or will highlight a theme for further
development – and this is exactly what happens here.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">Think of the very different
expectations that would have been established if Shakespeare had inverted the
contrasts. Had the first one been <i>“I come not to praise Caesar but to bury
him”</i> it would have implied that the speaker was glad to see the back of him
and was about to tell us why, rather than hinting that een inverted too: <i>“The
good men do is oft interred with their bones; the evil that men do lives after
them” </i>would have suggested that we can forget about anything good Caesar
might have done and that what matters now is to clear up the mess caused by his
evil deeds.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">Shakespeare therefore
constructed the sequence in just the right order for the mood and direction the
speech was to take. The way it develops then shows that contrasts are not only
useful for organising material on a line-by-line basis but can also provide a
single unifying theme for the overall structure of a speech. This is
illustrated by the recurring contrast between Mark Antony’s view of Caesar and
that of Brutus, summed up in the lines <i>“I speak not to disprove that Brutus
spoke, But here I am to speak what I do know.”</i> It also provides the
continuing <i>leitmotif </i>with his repeated references to what Brutus has
said about Caesar.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">As one would expect from an
accomplished speechwriter, Shakespeare’s ability to combine different
rhetorical devices would have assured much prime-time news coverage for a
speaker using one of his scripts:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">“I rather choose</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt;"><i><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">“to
wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you,</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">“than I will wrong such honourable men”</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">is an example of a contrast in
which the first part involves a list of three. <i>“you are not wood, you are
not stones, but men” </i>has a third item that contrasts with the first two in
the list.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">When it comes to content,
research has shown that the surest way to stir an audience is either to attack
your opponents or to praise your own side. On the evidence of the Forum speech,
this too is something Shakespeare understood, a Mark Antony heaps increasingly
praise on Caesar while using ironic praise of Brutus and his colleagues in an
implicit and thinly veiled attack on the opposition.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">Another point to emerge from
research into contemporary speeches is that combining more than one rhetorical
device in a single sequence often produces a more enthusiastic response than
the use of a single device on its own. When that happens, such lines are very
likely to attract the attention of journalists, who may select them as
sound-bites for television news programmes.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">When Mark Antony becomes
self-deprecating about his own skill as an orator, we hear a contradiction that
would have sounded amusing to those of Shakespeare’s contemporaries who were as
well-versed in rhetoric:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">“I am no orator as Brutus is;</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">“But as you know me all, a plain blunt man…</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt;"><i><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">“For
I have neither wit, nor words, nor worth.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">“Action nor utterance nor the power of speech</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">“To stir men’s blood.”</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">With a contrast, alliteration
and two lists of three, he uses powerful rhetorical forms to deny his own
rhetorical ability!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">As a speechwriter, then,
Shakespeare was a master of his craft. Indeed, so little has the language of
persuasion changed over the past four hundred years that, were he to return
today, he would certainly have no trouble in marketing his services to
contemporary politicians. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">Less certain is which of our current
political parties would he help.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black;"><b>Max Atkinson is author of<i> Our Masters' Voices: the language and body language of politics, </i>Methuen, 1984.</b><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black;"><i></i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background: rgb(239, 246, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black;"><i> </i><br /></span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-small;">
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{page:WordSection1;}</font></style><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><br /></p>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-85913358580647565772021-03-22T00:02:00.005+00:002023-07-24T18:04:28.778+01:00US Senator John Barrasso on political communication<p><span style="font-size: x-large;">Another speaker at the European Speechwriters Audience with Max Atkinson was John Barrasso from Wyoming who is the third most senior Republican in the US Senate. He told me that every 4 years, his father used to take him to him to the presidential inauguration in Washington D.C. The first inaugural speech he heard was in 1961 by president John F. Kennedy whom he mentions in this clip.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pJWeu-EjzI8" width="320" youtube-src-id="pJWeu-EjzI8"></iframe></div><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span><p></p><p></p>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-64303080002014948512021-03-21T18:33:00.002+00:002021-03-21T19:10:09.655+00:00An audience with Dr Max Atkinson<h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> Birthday greetings or obituary?</span></h1><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">On 3rd March, sixteen days before my birthday on the 19th, Brian Jenner (founder of the <i><a href="https://ukspeechwritersguild.co.uk/">UK Speechwriters Guild</a> </i>& the <i><a href="https://europeanspeechwriters.org/">European Speechwriters Network</a></i>) chaired a Zoom meeting with the title of </span>this <span style="font-family: inherit;">blogpost.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">With his usual ingenuity, Brian managed to get a remarkable group of people together who said such complimentary things about my work that I wasn't sure </span>whether<span style="font-family: inherit;"> to be flattered or </span>depressed by what could be heard as an obituary. This was because I remember being told years ago by someone doing research into obituaries in <i>The Times </i>that the routine starting point was what the deceased would be remembered for (i.e. how they'd ended up). The article was then carefully structured to explain how he or she got there.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">A lot of people who didn't see the meeting have asked to see a video copy of it. Much of it can be seen at the start of my website at <a href="http://www.speaking.co.uk" target="_blank">www.speaking.co.uk</a> but you can see the whole thing here:</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://youtu.be/6x7Oi7wrWnI?t=1">https://youtu.be/6x7Oi7wrWnI?t=1</a></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6x7Oi7wrWnI" width="320" youtube-src-id="6x7Oi7wrWnI"></iframe></span></p><h4 class="has-text-align-center"><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://europeanspeechwriters.org/"></a></span></h4><p class="has-text-align-center"><span style="font-size: large;">If you rewind the clip to a few minutes after it starts, you can watch the whole session, except for a few clips </span><span style="font-size: large;">(from Clark Judge, Senator Barrasso, Professor John Heritage and Belgian presentation trainer Carsten Wendt), for which see</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.speaking.co.uk" target="_blank">www.speaking.co.uk</a> </span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-28551335073990435252021-03-21T01:34:00.000+00:002021-03-21T01:36:09.145+00:00Prof John Heritage's CONTRIBUTION TO AN AUDIENCE WITH Dr Max Atkinson<p>One of a number of welcome commets at the recent <a href="https://europeanspeechwriters.org" target="_blank">European Speechwriters </a>Zoom meeting <br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FDVeSY1-yHI" width="320" youtube-src-id="FDVeSY1-yHI"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-86518083045354134072021-02-10T16:47:00.004+00:002021-02-10T16:47:59.492+00:00Six secrets of President Kennedy's rhetorical success<h1 class="ssrcss-1pl2zfy-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10" id="main-heading" tabindex="-1">JFK's inaugural speech: Six secrets of his success</h1><p class="ssrcss-1pjc44v-Contributor e5xb54n0"><strong>By Max Atkinson</strong><br />Rhetoric expert</p><div><dl class="ssrcss-1c3ha30-MetadataStrip e1ojgjhb0"><div class="ssrcss-8d0yke-MetadataStripItem e1ojgjhb1"><dt class="ssrcss-oyqyoe-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Published 19 January 2011</dt></div></dl></div><div class="ssrcss-8d0yke-MetadataStripItem e1ojgjhb1"><dt class="ssrcss-oyqyoe-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0"><br /></dt></div><div class="ssrcss-1kpdaxb-TagShareWrapper e1nh2i2l6"><div class="ssrcss-1ynay8h-StyledInformationPanel e15ad6a60"><div></div></div></div><header class="ssrcss-94m6rd-HeadingWrapper e1nh2i2l1"><div class="ssrcss-1kpdaxb-TagShareWrapper e1nh2i2l6"><div class="ssrcss-1ynay8h-StyledInformationPanel e15ad6a60"></div></div></header><div class="ssrcss-vk3nhx-ComponentWrapper e1xue1i80" data-component="image-block"><figure class="ssrcss-2y05cd-StyledFigure e34k3c20"><div class="ssrcss-kwaqyc-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c22"><span class="ssrcss-1hq4gmv-Placeholder e16icw910"><img alt="John F Kennedy delivers his inaugural speech" class="ssrcss-evoj7m-Image ee0ct7c0" height="261" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/464/media/images/50848000/jpg/_50848110_jfk.jpg" srcset="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/media/images/50848000/jpg/_50848110_jfk.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/media/images/50848000/jpg/_50848110_jfk.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/media/images/50848000/jpg/_50848110_jfk.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/media/images/50848000/jpg/_50848110_jfk.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/media/images/50848000/jpg/_50848110_jfk.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/media/images/50848000/jpg/_50848110_jfk.jpg 976w" width="464" /></span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1rnnz6t-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c21">The poetic "ask not" quotation is among the speech's most memorable lines</figcaption></figure></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p><b class="ssrcss-14iz86j-BoldText e5tfeyi0">President John F Kennedy would have been delighted to know that his inaugural address is still remembered and admired 50 years later. </b></p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>Like other great communicators - including Winston Churchill before him and Ronald Reagan and Barack Obama since then - he was someone who took word-craft very seriously indeed. </p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>He had delegated his aide Ted Sorensen to read all the previous presidential inaugurals, with the additional brief of trying to crack the code that had made Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg address such a hit.</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>Fifty years on, the debate about whether he or Sorensen played the greater part in composing the speech matters less than the fact that it was a model example of how to make the most of the main rhetorical techniques and figures of speech that have been at the heart of all great speaking for more than 2,000 years. Most important among these are: </p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="unordered-list-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><div class="ssrcss-1pzprxn-BulletListContainer e5tfeyi3"><ul role="list"><li>Contrasts: "Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country"</li><li>Three-part lists: "Where the strong are just, and the weak secure and the peace preserved"</li><li>Combinations of contrasts and lists (by contrasting a third item with the first two): "Not because the communists are doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right"</li></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>If the rhetorical structure of sentences is one set of building blocks in the language of public speaking, another involves simple "poetic" devices such as:</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="unordered-list-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><div class="ssrcss-1pzprxn-BulletListContainer e5tfeyi3"><ul role="list"><li>Alliteration: "Let us go forth to lead the land we love"</li><li>Imagery: "The torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans"</li></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>In general, the more use of these a speaker makes, the more applause they will get and the more likely it is that they will be recognised as a brilliant orator.</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>But great communicators differ as to which of these techniques they use most. </p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>Presidents Reagan and Obama, for example, stand out as masters of anecdote and story-telling, which didn't feature at all in JFK's inaugural. Mr Obama also favours three-part lists, of which there were 29 in his 10-minute election victory speech in Chicago. </p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper e1xue1i84" data-component="crosshead-block"><h2 class="ssrcss-qozapo-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10">Stark warning</h2></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>Kennedy, however, used very few in his inaugural address. For him, contrasts were the preferred weapon, coming as they did at a rate of about one every 39 seconds in this particular speech. Some were applauded and some have survived among the best-remembered lines.</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>He began with three consecutive contrasts:</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="unordered-list-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><div class="ssrcss-1pzprxn-BulletListContainer e5tfeyi3"><ul role="list"><li>"We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom" </li><li>"Symbolizing an end as well as a beginning"</li><li>"Signifying renewal as well as change" </li></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>From the 20 or so he used, other widely quoted contrasts, all of which were applauded, include:</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="unordered-list-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><div class="ssrcss-1pzprxn-BulletListContainer e5tfeyi3"><ul role="list"><li>"If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich"</li><li>"Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate"</li><li>"My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man"</li></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>The speech also bristled with imagery, starting with a stark warning about the way the world has changed because "man <b class="ssrcss-14iz86j-BoldText e5tfeyi0">holds in his mortal hands</b> the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life." </p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>People of the developing world were "struggling to <b class="ssrcss-14iz86j-BoldText e5tfeyi0">break the bonds of mass misery</b>."</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper e1xue1i80" data-component="image-block"><figure class="ssrcss-2y05cd-StyledFigure e34k3c20"><div class="ssrcss-kwaqyc-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c22"><span class="ssrcss-1bpjqn8-Placeholder e16icw910"><img alt="Ronald Reagan" class="ssrcss-evoj7m-Image ee0ct7c0" height="282" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/226/media/images/50848000/jpg/_50848113_reagan_ap.jpg" srcset="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/media/images/50848000/jpg/_50848113_reagan_ap.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/media/images/50848000/jpg/_50848113_reagan_ap.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/media/images/50848000/jpg/_50848113_reagan_ap.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/media/images/50848000/jpg/_50848113_reagan_ap.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/media/images/50848000/jpg/_50848113_reagan_ap.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/media/images/50848000/jpg/_50848113_reagan_ap.jpg 976w" width="226" /></span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1rnnz6t-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c21">Ronald Reagan was a master of </figcaption><figcaption class="ssrcss-1rnnz6t-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c21"> anecdote</figcaption></figure></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>JFK vowed to "assist free men and free governments in <b class="ssrcss-14iz86j-BoldText e5tfeyi0">casting off the chains of poverty</b>" and that "this hemisphere intends to remain <b class="ssrcss-14iz86j-BoldText e5tfeyi0">the master of its own house</b>."</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>He sought to "begin anew <b class="ssrcss-14iz86j-BoldText e5tfeyi0">the quest for peace before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity</b>", hoped that "<b class="ssrcss-14iz86j-BoldText e5tfeyi0">a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion</b>" and issued a "call to <b class="ssrcss-14iz86j-BoldText e5tfeyi0">bear the burden of a long twilight struggle</b>."</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper e1xue1i84" data-component="crosshead-block"><h2 class="ssrcss-qozapo-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10">First inaugural designed for the media?</h2></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>Impressive though the rhetoric and imagery may have been, what really made the speech memorable was that it was the first inaugural address by a US president to follow the first rule of speech-preparation: analyse your audience - or, to be more precise at a time when mass access to television was in its infancy, analyse your audiences.</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>In the most famous fictional speech of all time, Mark Antony had shown sensitivity to his different audiences in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar by asking his "Friends, Romans, countrymen" to lend him their ears. But Kennedy had many more audiences in mind than those who happened to be in Washington that day.</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>His countrymen certainly weren't left out, appearing as they did in the opening and towards the end with his most famous contrast of all: "Ask not..." But he knew, perhaps better than any previous US president, that local Americans were no longer the only audience that mattered. The age of a truly global mass media had dawned, which meant that what he said would be seen, heard or reported everywhere in the world.</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>At the height of the Cold War, Kennedy also had a foreign policy agenda that he wanted to be heard everywhere in the world. So the different segments of the speech were specifically targeted at a series of different audiences:</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="unordered-list-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><div class="ssrcss-1pzprxn-BulletListContainer e5tfeyi3"><ul role="list"><li>"Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill"</li><li>"To those new nations whom we welcome to the ranks of the free"</li><li>"To those in the huts and villages of half the globe" </li><li>"To our sister republics south of the border"</li><li>"To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations"</li><li>"Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary"</li></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>The following day, there was nothing on the front pages of two leading US newspapers, The New York Times and the Washington Post to suggest that the countrymen in his audience had been particularly impressed by the speech - neither of them referred to any of the lines above that have become so famous.</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p>The fact that so much of the speech is still remembered around the world 50 years later is a measure of Kennedy's success in knowing exactly <i class="ssrcss-po6dm6-ItalicText e5tfeyi1">what</i> he wanted to say, <i class="ssrcss-po6dm6-ItalicText e5tfeyi1">how</i> best to say it and, perhaps most important of all, to <i class="ssrcss-po6dm6-ItalicText e5tfeyi1">whom</i> he should say it.</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i83" data-component="text-block"><div class="ssrcss-3z08n3-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi2"><p><a class="ssrcss-hiczm3-InlineLink e1no5rhv0" href="http://maxatkinson.blogspot.com/">Dr Max Atkinson</a> is the author of <b style="font-style: italic;">Lend Me Your Ears: All You Need to Know about Public Speaking and Presentation </b>and <i><b>Speech-making and Presentation Made Easy.</b></i></p></div></div>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-74224770288336259152021-01-08T17:13:00.020+00:002021-01-08T18:00:49.835+00:00WARNING: EVEREST DO NOT FIT THE BEST WINDOWS
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toastnetwork.co.uk%2Ftoasties%2Feverest-logo&psig=AOvVaw2AvfhQAinaeJ0aQjz1OgUj&ust=1610200039397000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJCvjd28jO4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><br /></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span color="windowtext" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman \(Body CS\)"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-field-code: " HYPERLINK \0022https\:\/\/www\.google\.com\/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww\.toastnetwork\.co\.uk%2Ftoasties%2Feverest-logo&psig=AOvVaw2AvfhQAinaeJ0aQjz1OgUj&ust=1610200039397000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJCvjd28jO4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD\0022 \\t \0022_blank\0022 ";"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toastnetwork.co.uk%2Ftoasties%2Feverest-logo&psig=AOvVaw2AvfhQAinaeJ0aQjz1OgUj&ust=1610200039397000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJCvjd28jO4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD" target="_blank"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span></a></span></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;"></span><a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toastnetwork.co.uk%2Ftoasties%2Feverest-logo&psig=AOvVaw2AvfhQAinaeJ0aQjz1OgUj&ust=1610200039397000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJCvjd28jO4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD" target="_blank"><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; text-decoration: none;"></span></a></span></span></p><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="clear: left; float: left; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Everest" height="115" src="blob:https://draft.blogger.com/1d126128-78fc-42e1-bc2c-7619c7f436a8" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_2" width="200" /></span><span style="clear: left; float: left; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></span><span style="clear: left; float: left; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="text-align: left;">The windows firm, based in Cuffley in Hertfordshire, was plunged into crisis in March when the lockdown made it impossible for staff to make sales and installation visits to customers’ homes.Everest has been been sold back to its private equity owner Better Capital via an insolvency procedure known as a “pre-pack” administration. </span></span></div><p>The windows firm, based in Cuffley in Hertfordshire, was plunged into crisis in March when the lockdown made it impossible for staff to make sales and installation visits to customers’ homes.</p><p>Everest has been been sold back to its private equity owner Better Capital via an insolvency procedure known as a “pre-pack” administration. However, the company said 188 redundancies were being made across the business.</p><p>Alistair Massey, a partner at FRP, the advisory firm that handled the sale, said Everest was an “iconic British brand” with an enviable market position in its specialist field.</p><p>“In the face of incredibly challenging trading conditions in recent months, the business required restructuring to ensure a sustainable future,” he said. “This deal secures a significant number of jobs and personal livelihoods for many affiliated roles.” </p><p>Everest works with around 600 self-employed fitters.</p><p>The deal will involve the transfer of 413 full-time jobs in manufacturing and sales to new trading company Everest 2020 which has taken over the order book. Better Capital is investing £3.2m in the new vehicle.</p><p>Everest has made losses for several years, with the last set of accounts filed at Companies House showing a £9.3m loss on sales of £105m for 2018. <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest_Home_Improvement">The company has 18 distribution centres as well as two factories</a>: in Sittingbourne, Kent, and Treherbert, Wales.</p><p>(<i>The Guardian</i>, June, 2020)</p><p style="text-align: center;">___________________________</p><p style="text-align: center;">ALL VERY WELL TO MAKE SO MANY EXCUSES, BUT WHY DIDN'T THE 'NEW EVEREST' BOTHER TO TELL THEIR PAST CUSTOMERS THAT THINGS HAD CHANGED SO DRAMATICALLY AND ALL EVEREST'S WONDERFUL GUARANTEES ARE NOW COMPLETELY WORTHLESS?</p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red;">__________________________</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDCOtCKvdQjQio4L30Vm8teiw_uOaqi0PpRy18P5QP24UpELkF5MPXo4MqKIJ6Gwwk_7E_DOX7qwjHi6SrQzYtSopNXbLxKcD-s9k4X-5wNSzmtJZFn22It3k3tWZgX4yxl5nExiVO5kS1/" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDCOtCKvdQjQio4L30Vm8teiw_uOaqi0PpRy18P5QP24UpELkF5MPXo4MqKIJ6Gwwk_7E_DOX7qwjHi6SrQzYtSopNXbLxKcD-s9k4X-5wNSzmtJZFn22It3k3tWZgX4yxl5nExiVO5kS1/w200-h150/IMG_0863.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><span style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">The first I heard about this was when yesterday's mail came with a free leaflet from Everest advertising their current sale and wonderful offers of double-glazed windows, etc., etc.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">As we've been having problems with our expensive Everest sash windows for years (and especially recently, see left), phoning them was at the top of my list of stuff to do. </span></p></span><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">When I did so, I was told more or less the same story as that in <i>The Guardian</i>. When I asked if the original Everest guarantees (all of which I still have in a file) </span>would still be honoured, the reply was "As we're a new company, I'm afraid not."</p><p style="text-align: left;">When I asked if that was legal, she said she wasn't a lawyer and therefore didn't know.</p><p style="text-align: left;">I'm looking into it and would be glad for any comments readers may have.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0cm;"><span style="clear: right; color: blue; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></span><span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none;"></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; margin: 0cm;"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.toastnetwork.co.uk%2Ftoasties%2Feverest-logo&psig=AOvVaw2AvfhQAinaeJ0aQjz1OgUj&ust=1610200039397000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJCvjd28jO4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD" target="_blank"><span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none;"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-60517015285423940072020-11-05T18:15:00.007+00:002020-11-06T01:27:05.126+00:00We who went to Guy Fawkes's old school<p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><div class="Si7Nvc" style="position: absolute; right: 20px; top: -7px;"><div class="vugghb" style="display: inline-block;"><div class="T1diZc KWE8qe"><div class="ndYZfc" style="margin: -10px 0px 0px; min-width: 1030px; padding-top: 5px;"><div class="jZWadf" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-size: 13px; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="tAcEof" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; height: 51px; justify-content: space-between; min-width: 782px; padding-right: 8px; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><div class="O850f" style="position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><div class="iSZmU" style="margin-left: 155px;"><div class="T47uwc"><div class="cj2HCb" style="flex-shrink: 1; margin-right: 29px; white-space: nowrap;"><div class="O0MX5d" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 19px; margin-left: 16px; min-width: 87px; padding-top: 20px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3;"><li class="gYZlAf" style="list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="nDL9rf"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><br /></li></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><figure class="in-article-image" data-init="true" data-mod="image" data-observed="false" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"><div class="outer"><div class="mod-image"><img alt="" content="https://i2-prod.bristolpost.co.uk/incoming/article728549.ece/ALTERNATES/s615b/996647.jpg" height="375" src="https://i2-prod.bristolpost.co.uk/incoming/article728549.ece/ALTERNATES/s615b/996647.jpg" width="389" /></div></div><figcaption class="publication-theme-indicator" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="caption" itemprop="description">Guy Fawkes was caught trying to blow up Westminster Palace on November 5</span></figcaption></figure><p>He was born on April 13th 1570 in Stonegate in York, and was educated at St. Peter's School in York, preferring to be called Guido Fawkes</p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>My brother and I, </span><span>as too did some of Guido's colleagues in in the plot, went to the same school.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">When we were there, this local (and rather ancient) history was used as convenient excuse for not
allowing us anywhere near a bonfire or fireworks - after all, it was "bad form" to burn an old boy of the school.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>Many years and many headmasters later, the policy changed dramatically. Nowadays old boys get </span><span> annual invitations to attend the school's bonfire celebrations!</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>But did I know him?</b></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">On 5th November a few years ago, when my wife was listening to primary school pupils reading, she said to one little boy: <i>"My husband went to the same school as Guy Fawkes."</i></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Obviously impressed, he replied: <i>"Did he know him?"</i></span></p>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-15567615008459220512020-10-26T22:48:00.000+00:002020-10-26T22:48:20.212+00:00Bad news about poppies <p> As usual, TV newscasters have started wearing poppies because we’re getting closer to 11 November. But however many times I’ve told the British Legion that they’d collect far more money by using cans with slits big enough to make it easier for us to donate notes, rather than coins, they have never taken any notice.</p><p>But this year it may not matter so much, thanks to Covid 19. If everyone observes social distancing rules, the British Legion is presumably going to have its worst year ever - which is bad news for those who rely on help from the charity.</p>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-41945902261356020852020-10-23T17:19:00.003+01:002020-10-25T17:20:09.461+00:00Obama for Biden: rhetorical brilliance continued<p><span style="font-size: medium;">Since before Barack Obama became president, I've blogged many times about his rhetorical brilliance and we now have evidence that he's no less brilliant when speaking at an odd location, i.e. a drive-in rally in support of Biden's campaign. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">For what follows, a big thank you to CNBC, Reuters and Ipsos:</span></p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/W6QWULSog5I" width="320" youtube-src-id="W6QWULSog5I"></iframe></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /><b><br /></b></span><p></p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><b>With a Reuters/Ipsos poll showing Biden with just a 4-percentage-point edge in Pennsylvania, Obama warned Democrats against complacency.</b></span></p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-size: medium;">“We’ve got to turn out like never before,” he said. “We cannot leave any doubt in this election.”</span></p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-size: medium;">Americans are voting early at a record pace this year, with more than 42 million ballots cast both via mail and in person ahead of Nov. 3 Election Day on concerns about the coronavirus and to make sure their votes are counted.</span></p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-size: medium;">The early vote so far represents about 30% of the total ballots cast in 2016, according to the University of Florida’s U.S. Elections Project.</span></p><div class="AdSlot__container___2BqUD ArticleBody-ad-slot-83sCj" data-creative-type="fluid"><p class="TextLabel__text-label___3oCVw TextLabel__gray___1V4fk TextLabel__small-all-caps-spaced-out___3O9H4 AdSlot__label___15AMV"><span style="font-size: medium;">Four years ago, Obama participated in a rally in Philadelphia with then-Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton the day before the election, only to see Trump narrowly take the state. The Biden campaign considers winning there a top priority.</span></p></div><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-size: medium;">In remarks at an evening rally in Gastonia, North Carolina, Trump briefly mentioned Obama, noting that he had supported Clinton in her losing effort. “It was nobody who campaigned harder for Crooked Hillary than Obama, right?”</span></p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-size: medium;">North Carolina is another battleground state where opinion polls show a tight race. Harris was also in the state on Wednesday to mobilize voters in Asheville and Charlotte.</span></p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-size: medium;">Obama won North Carolina in 2008, but lost it in his 2012 campaign. Trump won it in 2016.</span></p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-size: medium;">Trump argued that coronavirus-related restrictions were harming the state’s economy and complained that Democrats and the news media were overly pre-occupied with the pandemic.</span></p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-size: medium;">“All you hear is covid, covid,” the president said. “That’s all they put on because they want to scare the hell out of everyone.”</span></p><h2 class="Headline-headline-2FXIq Headline-black-OogpV ArticleBody-heading-3h695"><span style="font-size: medium;">TOP ALLY</span></h2><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-size: medium;">Even though Wednesday marked Obama’s 2020 campaign debut, his support has been essential for Biden. He has appeared at joint fundraisers with Biden and Harris, and his network of well-connected former aides has been instrumental in helping the campaign outpace Trump in bringing in donations.</span></p><div class="ArticleBody-slideshow-small-mFJ54"></div><div class="ArticleBody-slideshow-small-mFJ54"><figcaption class="Slideshow-description-447Md"><span style="font-size: medium;">Slideshow ( 5 images )</span></figcaption></div><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-size: medium;">Biden’s team said Obama would campaign in Miami on Saturday for the Democratic ticket.</span></p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-size: medium;">The last days of campaigning are taking place during a surge in cases of COVID-19 and hospitalizations in battleground states, including North Carolina and Pennsylvania but also Wisconsin, Ohio and Michigan.</span></p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-size: medium;">Pennsylvania has averaged 1,500 new cases a day over the past week, a level it has not seen since April, according to a Reuters analysis. North Carolina is averaging 2,000 new cases a day over the past week, its highest level yet. The virus has killed more than 221,000 people in the United States.</span></p><p class="Paragraph-paragraph-2Bgue ArticleBody-para-TD_9x"><span style="font-size: medium;">Polling shows a majority of voters are disappointed in the way Trump has handled the pandemic, which he has repeatedly said would disappear on its own.</span></p>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-61872954044273502842020-10-06T16:36:00.002+01:002020-10-06T16:36:15.996+01:00PM wants to "build a new Jerusalem" <p><span style="font-size: medium;">Listening to Boris Johnson's leader's speech at the Tory party conference today meant that you had to</span> put up with an elementary guide to rhetoric for beginners and a mass of corny old clichés</p><p>Behind him was the 3 parted alliterative multi-coloured slogan: <b><span style="color: #2b00fe;">BUILD </span><span style="color: red;">BACK</span> <span style="color: #2b00fe;">BETTER</span>. </b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dyI3ST2LQ00" width="320" youtube-src-id="dyI3ST2LQ00"></iframe></div><p></p><p>Johnson also want's to <b style="font-style: italic;">"build a new Jerusalem" </b>and, if you think it's going to echo William Blake (i.e. do it in England's 'green and pleasant land') the speech claimed that he's discovered green energy too!</p><p>Even <i>The Guardian </i>seems to have been quiteimpressed: </p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p><span class="style-scope yt-formatted-string" dir="auto">"Boris Johnson has said in his speech to the Conservative party conference that Britain must not return to the status quo after the coronavirus pandemic, promising a transformation akin to the 'New Jerusalem' the postwar cabinet pledged in 1945. The prime minister also mounted a robust defence of the private sector, saying 'free enterprise' must lead the recovery and that he intended to significantly roll back the extraordinary state intervention that the crisis had necessitated."</span></p></blockquote><p>What I'd like to know is who writes this kind of garbage? </p><p>After all, every Tory's heroine Margaret Thatcher took the business of speaking rather more seriously, she relied on some brilliant writers and she rehearsed. Does Johnson think that, as a former president of the Oxford Union debating society, he doesn't need to bother?</p><p><br /> </p>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-49325834092549206032020-09-29T17:38:00.000+01:002020-09-29T17:38:57.185+01:00BOOKS BY Max Atkinson on public speaking, presentation and communication<p><span style="font-size: medium;">Twitter, it seems, is widely used by authors to advertise their own books – as too are various programmes on BBC Radio 4. Yesterday’s <em>Start the Week, </em>for example was presented by Andrew Marr, who gave two authors who gave each of them about 45 minutes to plug their latest books. One, was former Archbishop of Canterbury Dr Rowan Williams (whose sermons sometimes included 150 word sentences that were unintelligible to listeners). In retirement, he’s become master of a Cambridge college and has just written a book in St. Benedict. I didn’t bother to check the length of his sentences but can report that he hasn’t changed and I shall not be buying his book.</span></p><div class="entry-content"><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>1.</strong> Having written quite a few academic books, my first attempt at writing for a wider public was based on research that I’d done (while fellow of an Oxford college) into audience responses to political speeches. Originally published by Methuen in 1984, it’s still in print (thanks to Routlege).</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Reading it now, I don’t think I got the hang of writing for a non-academic audience until Chapter 3. Claptrap – which was also used by Granada Television as the title of the <em>World in Action </em>documentary based on findings reported in the book that you can watch on the opening page of my website at speaking.co.uk</span></p><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/3553440626649035970/36590968390523798#"><img alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0cdc34kTbLAG81we3BSlV3zwFZinqeMXjzw1JFtwU1v1KoaRXJGIV6-3r9FZ6WbZkQacKGQEJYBwnpTbRoSrqDzkSHSGZDqt2JzZbUxuqguKCzV7ruGz9UfLVopsxk6CLIuIcnlvcuW0N/" /></a></figure></div><p class="has-text-align-center"> by <a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/3553440626649035970/36590968390523798#">Max Atkinson</a> (Author) <a><em>4.7 out of 5 stars</em> </a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/3553440626649035970/36590968390523798#">5 ratings</a></p><p class="has-text-align-center"><a> See all formats and editions Paperback <br />£23.18 </a><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/3553440626649035970/36590968390523798#">9 Used from £4.974 New from £17.50</a></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>2. </b>Twenty years later, after making a living putting into practice the basic principles – i.e. by running hundreds of courses and coaching lindividuals in private and public sectors (+ a few politicians) I wrote a ‘how to do it’ book. This time I was lucky to have a literary agent, Bill Hamilton of AM Heath & Co who understood how to write for different audiences. He taught me how to <em>“address the reader directly.”</em> Without my realising it, a legacy of academic writing was that I was still tending to write in the third person <em>“if a speaker does this… “. </em>Bill suggested I try writing <em> “if you do this….”</em> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">His other main piece of advice was that I shouldn’t be afraid of using shortened or elided forms (“don’t” rather than “do not”. etc.) – which as an academic, I’d never have thought of doing. So I went through the original manuacript and, wherever possible changed the text as he’d suggested. At the end of the exercise, I was frankly amazed at how much more <i>‘readable’</i> it had made the book.</span></p><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" src="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/02/digital/sitb/sticker/sitb-sticker-v3-xsmall._CB485000646_.png" /></figure></div><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" src="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/5199M78RC6L._SX367_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg" /></figure></div><hr class="wp-block-separator" /><p class="has-text-align-center">by <a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Max-Atkinson/e/B00FF99SX6/ref=dp_byline_cont_book_1">Max Atkinson</a> (Author) <a><em>4.6 out of 5 stars</em> </a><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Lend-Me-Your-Ears-presentations/dp/0091894794#customerReviews">49 rating</a></p><p class="has-text-align-center"><a>£11.55 </a><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/offer-listing/0091894794/ref=tmm_pap_used_olp_0?ie=UTF8&condition=used">23 Used from £1.41</a><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/offer-listing/0091894794/ref=tmm_pap_new_olp_0?ie=UTF8&condition=new">5 New from £10.24</a></p><p class="has-text-align-center"><a> See all formats and editions</a></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">3. Peter Semper, an old school-friend, was very positive about <em>Lend me your Ears </em>though he did have a ‘but’: “only thing wrong with it is that it’s far too long for business people like me to read on a train or a flight - </span><span style="font-size: large;">so why don’t you do a shorter version aimed at us." After a reasonably favourable response from my agent and publishers my agent and publishers, I asked Peter to have a go at producing a shorter version.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Fairly quickly, he sent me a copy of what he’d produced and, thanks to the wonders of word-processing technologly, I could see instantly that he’d only managed to cut it down by about a third – which I didn’t think was enough. So I set about cutting out even more and managed to get rid of another third. The result was <em>Speechmaking and Presentation Made Easy: Seven essential steps to success:</em></span></p><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img alt="Look inside this book." height="19" loading="lazy" src="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/02/digital/sitb/sticker/sitb-sticker-v3-xsmall._CB485000646_.png" width="99" /></figure></div><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="Speech-making and Presentation Made Easy: Seven Essential Steps to Success by [Max Atkinson]" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51MS5AYt2yL.jpg" /></figure></div><p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/3553440626649035970/36590968390523798#">£9.99</a></p><p class="has-text-align-center"><a><em>3.9 out of 5 stars</em> </a></p><p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Speech-making-Presentation-Made-Easy-Essential/dp/0091922062#customerReviews">7 ratings</a></p><div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container"><p class="has-text-align-center"><a>Kindle Edition <br />£3.99 </a></p><p class="has-text-align-center"><a>Read with Our Free App</a></p></div></div><p class="has-text-align-left"><span style="font-size: medium;">4. During the Labour Party’s annual conference in September 2008, Michael Crick (then political editor of BBC TV’s Newsnight, now on Channel 4 News) suggested that I should start a blog. In June 2009, I reached my 250th blog-post. and realised that it was becoming something of an obsession. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The good news was that it was being favourably received. As Ayd Instone notes in his foreword to this next book (p. 7): “Politics.co.uk awarded it the same score (8/10) as Iain Dale’s Diary, one of the country’s top rated blogs. In their review, they said <em>“Not many blogs out there focus so much on politicians’ presentation styles, so this makes a nice addition…a thoroughly impressive piece of work.”</em></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">At which point, I should confess that I personally find reading a book or newspaper easier and more satisfying than reading stuff from a screen, which is why the idea of publishing an edited collection of my blog-posts from 2008-2014 appealed to me. The result was: </span></p><p><strong>Seen & Heard: conversations and commentary on contemporary communication</strong></p><p><strong>in politics, the media and around the world</strong></p><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img alt="Seen & Heard: Conversations and commentary on contemporary conversation" height="320" loading="lazy" src="https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/71qc2BbHiCL._AC_UL320_.jpg" width="210" /></figure></div><p class="has-text-align-center">Paperback: <a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Seen-Heard-Conversations-contemporary-communication/dp/1908693193/ref=tmm_pap_title_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=">£10.99</a></p><p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Seen-Heard-Conversations-contemporary-conversation-ebook/dp/B00P075U7Q/ref=tmm_kin_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=">Kindle Edition </a><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Seen-Heard-Conversations-contemporary-conversation-ebook/dp/B00P075U7Q/ref=tmm_kin_title_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=">£3.72</a></p><p class="has-text-align-center"><a><em>5.0 out of 5 stars</em> </a></p><p class="has-text-align-center"><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Seen-Heard-Conversations-contemporary-communication/dp/B013RNSZOO#customerReviews">4 ratings</a></p><figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td><a></a><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Seen-Heard-Conversations-contemporary-conversation-ebook/dp/B00P075U7Q/ref=tmm_kin_title_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=">Kindle Edition</a></td><td><a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Seen-Heard-Conversations-contemporary-conversation-ebook/dp/B00P075U7Q/ref=tmm_kin_title_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=">£3.72 </a></td></tr></tbody></table></figure></div>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-9582796981345894912020-07-11T20:32:00.004+01:002020-07-12T00:53:23.133+01:00Jack Charlton, Leeds United & England, R.I.P.<div>I found today's news as especially sad, not just because I was a Leeds fan when the young Jack was playing for 2nd division Leeds United (while younger brother 'our kid' Bobby played for 1st division Manchester United), but because this talented player (and manager) appears to have been yet another victim of dementia caused by heading footballs</div><div><br /></div><div>In 2017, a BBC TV documentary <i>Dementia, Football and Me</i> (https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/41902953) presented by Alan Shearer looked at the impact of heading footballs on the brain - and ultimately on players developing dementia. When watching Shearer heading a ball numerous times, I thought it all very well, but when people quite a lot older than him played football, the balls were made of leather, which meant that they got extremely heavy in wet weather (i.e. for most of the football season).</div><div><br /></div><div>What 's so depressing about the death of Jack Charlton is that he's by no means the only one of the 1966 team to have suffered from dementia. He lasted until he was 83, as did Ray Wilson who also died of it. Martin Peters succombed to it at 76, while manager and former full-back Sir Alf Ramsey died of it at 79. Nobby Stiles (78) is still alive but has advanced dementia.</div><div><br /></div><div>This adds up to 42% of those directly involved in our winning the world-cup in 1966 falling victim to dementia. I'm hopeless at statistics, but would say that this must surely be statistically very significant.</div><div><br /></div><div><div>(An excellent film about Jack Charlton from today's BBC archive can be seen at<br /></div><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/53373542">https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/53373542</a>).</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></div>Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-70653992671135427092020-06-20T18:51:00.002+01:002020-06-20T18:51:39.471+01:00PUBLIC GIVES JOHNSON THUMBS-DOWN<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The front page of today's <b style="color: red;">I </b>Newspaper has an interesting headline::<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-TJbMG9X-ihplscUFEOM9wac78k2CJ8j-xWLuJZGTsEdnqHVGiefvmw0072usZjIO32BGh5kI13wAnfGLSCJqwAqo_AcPrvRa2VZRFjbOe5GhuCFxOW5lVYf6kCfYzjwlkW9WBPeVxdEI/s1600/image.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-TJbMG9X-ihplscUFEOM9wac78k2CJ8j-xWLuJZGTsEdnqHVGiefvmw0072usZjIO32BGh5kI13wAnfGLSCJqwAqo_AcPrvRa2VZRFjbOe5GhuCFxOW5lVYf6kCfYzjwlkW9WBPeVxdEI/s640/image.png" width="480" /></a><br />
<br />
Beneath the headline, it says:<br />
<b><br /></b>
<span style="color: red;"><b>Exclusive </b></span><b>76% of people think lockdown imposed too late, new polling</b><br />
<b> suggests</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><span style="color: red;">>></span> Prime Minister's approval rating collapses from +38% to -7% in two months</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><span style="color: red;">>></span> 55% say the Government has not handled crisis well with 32% supportive</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><span style="color: red;">>></span> Uk alert level downgraded, allowing ministers to further ease lockdown</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><span style="color: red;">>></span> Scientists warn against complacency's R rate remains stubbornly close to 1</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b> See P6</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
On page 6, the headline is 'Johnson's approval ratings in the red' above a picture of the PM scratching his head at a primary school yesterday.<br />
<br />
And a fascinating letter from the editor, Oliver Duff on page 3 is headlined: <b>PM's pivotal moment</b></div>
Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-51446358926034114392020-06-01T16:38:00.000+01:002020-06-01T16:38:11.990+01:00Johnson a hollow, shallow PM and Cummings isn't going<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><b><i>Todays <span style="color: red;">i <span style="color: black;">newspaper has an excellent, if rather depressing, analysis of recent political events involving our P.M and his beloved aide by one of the paper's leading columnists, Ian Birrel:</span></span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h2 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Boris Johnson relies on Dominic
Cummings as a comfort blanket because he has few ideas of his own</span></b></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Prime Minister's pathetic
appearance at the Commons Liaison Committee shows that he is a hollow, shallow
Prime Minster</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Clearly Dominic Cummings has
little respect for rules. So he must be delighted to have shattered one of the
most oft-heard maxims in Westminster: when an adviser becomes the story, they
must go.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Never mind that he has been
exposed as a fraud – the populist who believes he can behave differently to
lesser folk; the data guru unaware changing a blog could be easily detected;
the “superforecaster” who failed to see the furore.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Nor indeed that the entire nation
could observe the pomposity being pricked of a man who sneers at many other
mortals, squirming to keep his job with an absurd story about driving to test
his eyesight.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This diminished character stays
in Downing Street to serve as a perpetual symbol of the political elite he
claimed to despise. His behaviour has reinforced the most corrosive image for
the Conservatives as a party out of touch with ordinary people. The furore
could not have come at worse time for his boss as questions arise over the
Government’s dire response to deadly pandemic. The big question is why was
Boris Johnson so desperate to retain his toxic pal in defiance of much of his
party and the public?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There are a slew of suggested
answers. Johnson has long been a rule breaker in both his personal and
professional life. He dislikes lockdown as someone intuitively sceptical about
the state (almost certainly one reason Britain was fatally slow in its response
to the virus). Like every incoming prime minister, he is determined not to be
pushed around by the media. These are valid explanations. The key reason,
however, was exposed when Johnson was forced to finally appear for a grilling
by the Commons Liaison Committee.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">We know the Prime Minister is a
politician who tries to evade tough questioning. This 100-minute session showed
the reason for his reluctance. From start to finish, Johnson was floundering –
repeating mantras such as the need to “move on” from the Cummings farce,
waffling almost incoherently, woefully sluggish in reply to tough questions,
admitting he did not read scientific advice “except in exceptional
circumstances”, and, most alarmingly, lacking grasp of basic political detail.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dodging questions over Cummings
was demeaning but predictable. Johnson was also fortunate some interrogators
sought to grandstand rather than probe. But when urged, for instance, to help
hitherto overlooked self-employed workers reliant on dividend payments from
their own firms – which the Tory MP Mel Stride rightly called a gaffe in the
strong fiscal response to pandemic – Johnson ended up boasting about “a pretty
awesome package”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Darren Jones then raised issues
on the self-employed income support scheme, only to be met with blathering
about “generous” universal credit. “Prime minister, universal credit is not
generous,” the Labour MP replied acidly.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There were several more
toe-curling moments. Caroline Nokes, chair of the equalities committee, fired
off a series of strong questions on childcare and female representation in
decision-making. First came some flannel about female advisers. Then Johnson
patronisingly told a woman he fired from senior ministerial office that she
might end up the third Tory prime minister. Finally he had to be reprimanded
for laughing by the chair with a warning that gender equality was “not a joking
matter”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Mostly it was rather pitiful,
like watching a talentless comedian wilt on stage. Yet one moment was terrible.
Labour’s Stephen Timms raised the case of a struggling couple in his London
consistency with leave to remain in the country but no recourse to public
funds. “Hang on,” he replied. “Why aren’t they eligible for universal credit or
employment support allowance or any of the other benefits?”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Bear in mind this is a politician
who won highest office at the helm of a movement exploiting fear over foreign
workers. He has given speeches about migrants treating Britain “as their own
country”. He plans to reform the immigration system to make it “fairer”. Yet he
was baffled when asked about a key plank of policy introduced in the last
century, extended by the Tories and debated dozens of times in Parliament.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Alarmingly, Johnson claimed to
have prepared. He was trying to be on his best behaviour. The questions were
not even that tricky. Yet he ended up showing that while he can be an engaging
and witty performer of set pieces, he lacks many skills demanded of a top
politician – from verbal dexterity, beyond mumbling and bumbling, through to a
firm grasp of detail and policy. Perhaps this should not be a surprise. The
broadcaster Jeremy Vine revealed how much of his act is based on artifice after
seeing two identical speeches with the same messed-up hair and gags. But it is
depressing to witness in a prime minister, especially amid a pandemic.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">For all his showboating success
in winning elections, Johnson has a poor record in office. As mayor he rode the
coat-tails of his predecessor, his landmark policy of a garden bridge turning
into a costly flop. As foreign secretary, his inattention to detail was
disastrous. As prime minister, he seems to have no driving cause beyond a
hollow brand of patriotism and self-preservation. So it is obvious why he wants
the comfort blanket of a trusted aide who poses as someone with bold solutions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">But Britain faces extremely
challenging times. A pandemic is raging. People are dying. Flaws in society lie
brutally exposed. We face a savage economic downturn, possibly the worst for
three centuries. Now we have seen again, harshly exposed in the spotlight of
parliamentary accountability, the person in charge of our country. It is not a
reassuring image.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-27716455463578205732020-05-28T14:07:00.001+01:002020-05-28T14:08:26.911+01:00Parole: the legacy of a progressiveHome Secrtary<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
As murders by terrorists recently released from prison hit the headlines a few weeks ago, I was reminded of my first job after graduating in 1965 - as a lowly assistant research officer at the Home Office Research Unit.<br />
<br />
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{page:WordSection1;}</style>There was excitement in the air with a new Labour government and prime minister Harold Wilson's appointment of Roy Jenkins as Home Secretary. Jenkins' aim was to build "a civilised society", with measures like the ab
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{page:WordSection1;}</style>olition of capital punishment and theatre censorship, the partial decriminalisation of homosexuality, relaxation of divorce law, suspension of birching and the liberalisation of abortion law.<br />
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Jenkins also began to think about introducing parole. At the time, some of us in the Research Unit were working on the nearest equivalent at the time: the prison hostel scheme. Our job was to attend, observe and assess the monthly hostel board meetings in D wing at HM prison, Wormwood Scrubs, where prisoners serving from 5 years to life sentences (including KGB spy George Blake who was five years into his 42 year sentence - we were scheduled to, but didn't, attend on the day he escaped).<br />
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It was called the 'prison hostel scheme' because, for the last six months before their date of release, they could treat the prison as a hostel from which they would go out to work in paid employment. It was, in other words, a very innovative rehabilitation scheme and the nearest thing to parole that existed at the time.<br />
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After attending and observing quite a lot of hostel-selection board meetings, my research came up with an interesting result. The chances of those selected for the hostel-scheme within three years would have been better had the chairman of the selection-committee spun a coin instead of presiding over several hours 'carefully dicussing' every application with the eight other people at the meeting.<br />
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The reason was that the committee liked inmates who were professional criminals like thieves, house-breakers, burglars and robbers. They did not like white-collar inmates like fraudsters or sex-offenders and were ambivalent about lifers serving sentences for murder. So they systematically granted places on the scheme to those who were by far the most likely to reoffend within three yease of release.<br />
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Although I wrote a report explaining all this, I doubt if it ever got as far as the Home Secretary who opted for parole-selection boards thar were very similar in composition to hostel-selection boades.<br />
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Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-3991534198442167982019-09-18T16:44:00.001+01:002019-09-18T18:55:31.829+01:00Boris Johnson: 'The boy who wanted to be king.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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At next week's European Speechwriters conference in Paris, Brian Jenner has asked me to run a breakout session on the afternoon of Friday 27th September - where the probable topic is the rhetorical skill (or otherwise) of new UK prime minister Johnson.</div>
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I'd strongly recommend anyone thinking of attending the session watches the above 10 minute interview with Michael Cockerell on <i>BBC Newsnight, </i>as it's one of the most revealing programmes about him that I've seen (and includes some early footage of the young Johnson as president of the Oxford Union Debating society).</div>
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Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-25996242647233510222019-09-11T21:04:00.002+01:002019-09-11T21:04:40.928+01:00Which living UK PMs weren't at yesterday's memorial service for Paddy Ashdown?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="text-align: left;">Yesterday, I was one of the 2,000 people who assembled in Westminster Abbey for 'A Service of Thanksgiving for the life and work of the Right Honourable the Lord Ashdown of Norton-sub-Hamdon KCMG CH KB 1941-2018':</span></div>
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Of the six living UK prime ministers, four were there (see below) - one of whom, John Major, gave an excellent address. But Theresa May and Boris Johnson were not there. </div>
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When Paddy died last December, Mrs May said that he had "served this country with distinction" and "had dedicated his life to public service and he will be sorely missed." She was. of course, right. But an internet search reveals that our current journalist PM neither said nor wrote anything about this unexpected death that took everyone by surprise. And one can only assume that he was far too busy yesterday (consulting lawyers at our expense?) to be bothered to join the many other politicians and journalists who were there.</div>
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Apart from current and former LibDem MPs and peers, other from Westminster's great and the good who were there included Speakers John Bercow and Norman Fowler, Chris Patten, Shami Chakrabati, Peter Mandelson, Ken Clarke and Michael Heseltine.</div>
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In other words, reps from different parties - but quite a few of the Tory elder statesmen have been sacked by Johnson and his Brexiteer cabinet cronies. </div>
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So not at all surprising that our Etonion-Oxford-educated PM didn't have the manners to show up yesterday. If I'd had the money to pay to educate my children so expensively, I'd ask Eton and Balliol for my money back....</div>
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Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-92141483314378240182019-08-20T20:53:00.002+01:002019-08-20T20:53:31.988+01:00Johnson's professional media manipulators<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: large;">On 19th August, <i>The New European</i> published the following:</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 18pt;">Boris Johnson's new advisers are urging ministers to avoid <i>Radio 4</i>'s<i>Today </i>programme as they believe the programme is a 'total waste of time'.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt;">According to the <i>Mail on Sunday</i><span style="font-size: small;">the new director of communications at Downing Street Lee Cain has advised his colleagues to stop putting up ministers to appear on the programme.</span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt;">The proposal has the support of Dominic Cummings who is reported to have declared last week: "I never listened to the Today programme for the entire year of the referendum and I intend to repeat this while I am here." </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt;">He said not to put ministers forward "unless they change format and actually start exploring serious subjects in a serious way".<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt;">During Boris Johnson's leadership campaign the only interviews he gave were with <i>Sky News</i>' Sophy Ridge and the <i>BBC</i>'s Laura Kuenssberg.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt;">He refused to give an interview to <i>Radio 4's Today </i>programme, instead turning up briefly on the station's <i>World at One</i>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Anyone curious to know more about Messrs. Cain and Cummings (for whom as taxpayers we are all paying) need look no further than Wikipedia which tells us about both of them:</span></span></div>
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<b>Lee Cain </b>is a British journalist and government appointee who currently serves as Downing Street Director of Communications under Boris Johnson. Cain was appointed by Johnson on 24 July 2019...</div>
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Prior to his appointment, Cain worked as Head of Broadcast for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vote_Leave" title="Vote Leave">Vote Leave</a> campaign, in addition to serving at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs under Andrea Leadsom and Michael Gove. He briefly worked for Theresa May before leaving to work with Johnson while he was serving as Secretary of Stated for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Cain's former employer, <i>The Daily Mirror </i>has stated that was deployed to taunt former Prime Minister David Cameron and other Conservative MPs dressed as a chicken.</div>
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<b style="font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: 11pt;">Dominic Cummings </b><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: small;">born 25 November 1971) is a British </span><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: small;">political strategist. From 2007 to 2014 he was a special adviser to the then Education Secretary, Michael Gove. </span><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: small;">In 2015–16 he was the campaign director of </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vote_Leave" style="font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: 11pt;" title="Vote Leave">Vote Leave</a><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: small;">, an organization opposed to continued </span><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: small;">UK membership of the European Union </span><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: small;">and which took an active part in the 2016 referendum </span><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: small;">campaign on the subject. In July 2019 the new Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: 11pt;" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: small;">, </span><span style="font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: small;">appointed him to the role of special adviser to the government.</span><br />
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If you were surprised by Johnson's willingness to pick a cabinet so full of hard-line brexiteers, his selection of hardline brexiteer backroom boys is not surprising but totally predictable. It's not just that they were both deeply involved in the Vote Leave campaign, but Cain subsequently worked for other leading brexiteers like Leadsom and Gove.<br />
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Has our esteemed PM forgotten that his government has a majority of ONE - and that there are plenty of Tory MPs who are still keen remainers and/or opposed to leaving the EU without a deal?</div>
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Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-86617155659806921592019-08-10T01:49:00.003+01:002019-08-12T00:25:37.914+01:00Woman has baby and another Oxford graduate becomes PM<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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" 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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Regular readers of <i>Private Eye</i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i style="font-family: inherit;"> </i><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">have been eagerly awaiting the result of a r</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">eferendum announced in </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">edition a few weeks ago.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Published in July 2013 (above), it marked the news that the Duchess of Cambridge had given birth to Prince George.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;">Regular readers of this will know why I've juxtaposed <i>"woman has baby"</i> with <i>"Oxford graduate becomes prime minister"</i> - because neither event was a newsworthy surprise either in 2013 or 2019.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;">My last post began: "10 of the 14 (71%) UK prime ministers between 1945 and 2019 were educated at Oxford University. One, Gordon Brown, was educated at university in Scotland. None graduated from Cambridge, Durham, Manchester, or </span><span style="font-size: medium;">any other English university."</span><br />
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The arrival of Boris Johnson (B.A., Oxon.) at 10, Downing Street increases Oxford's score to 11 out of 15 (73%).<br />
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Although Johnson is an old Etonian and past president of the Oxford Union debating society<br />
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I'm not convinced he's anywhere near as good as Blair or Thatcher, not least because they both genuinely believed in what they were saying and thought that what they were doing would benefit the country as a whole, rather than their own personal ambitions.<br />
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I don't deny that Johnson is a master of PR, but it's time to BEWARE: he's just started using social<br />
media.<br />
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Could it be because his hero President Trump has successfully exploited Twitter that Johnson has just started to use Facebook??? <br />
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For the last few days, the mainstream media is citing this as evidence that Johnson's government is already planning for an early general election.<br />
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Other announcements like his latest promises to spend £billions of tax-payers' money building new prisons, making it easier for police officers to stop-and-search, etc., etc. confirm that we have extreme right wingers in charge who believe that voters will be taken in by their barmy rantings.<br />
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><i><b>Come back Theresa May, all is forgiven...</b></i></span></div>
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Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3553440626649035970.post-20508643335686540642019-05-16T20:49:00.001+01:002019-05-26T23:51:10.609+01:00Which post-war Oxford-educated prime minister was the most effective public speaker?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><b>Oxford University's near-monopoly of political leadership</b></span></span></div>
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10 of the 14 (71%) UK prime-ministers between 1945 and 2019 were educated at Oxford University. One, Gordon Brown was educated at university in Scotland. None went to Cambridge, Durham, Manchester, London or any other English university. </div>
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Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and John Major became prime-minister without having had any formal higher education.</div>
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At the European Speechwriters Network conference in April, held at Queen's College, Oxford, I showed the following clip twice) before inviting the audience to rank the speakers according to which ones they thought the most effective.</div>
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It only went back as far as Harold Wilson - receiving an honorary degree at the then new university of Lancaster - in the 1970s. But the time available for my presentation wouldn't have been long enough to include <i>every </i>Oxford-educated PM since Clement Attlee.</div>
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This is the short clip that I showed and you now have the chance to do what the original audience did and decide for yourselves which were the most most effective speakers:</div>
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The next question is to decide on how each of the above compared with all the others?</div>
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1. Clement Attlee (Labour), University College, modern history</div>
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2. Sir Anthony Eden (Conservative), Christchurch College, modern languages</div>
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3. Harold Macmillan, Balliol College, Latin, Greek and ancient history</div>
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3. Alec Douglas-Home, Christchurch College, modern history</div>
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5. Harold Wilson, Jesus College (PPE*), then Fellow of University College</div>
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6. Edward Heath, Balliol College (PPE*) and organ scholarship, Keble College</div>
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7. Margaret Thatcher, Somerville College. chemistry</div>
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8. Tony Blair, St John's College, law</div>
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9. David Cameron, Brasenose College, PPE*</div>
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10. Theresa May, St Hugh's College, geography</div>
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(*PPE = politics, philosophy and economics)</div>
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<b><span style="color: #cc0000;">Best Speaker?</span></b></div>
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After watching the first clip the audience at the European Speechwriters Conference (of about 100 from different countries in Europe) awarded the gold medal to Tony Blair, the silver medal to Margaret Thatcher and bronze to David Cameron. </div>
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Had it not been for his widely publicised attempt to unite a divided Tory party by holding (and losing) the brexit referendum, he might have beaten Thatcher to the silver medal. It was, after all, a ten-minute unscripted speech at a Conservative party conference beauty parade that had won him the leadership in the first place.</div>
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Of the other Oxonian PMs, Attlee would surely get the wooden spoon as the least inspiring public speaker, even though he presided over some of the most important post-war innovations like the foundation of the National Health Service. </div>
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Macmillan continued to be a brilliant speaker until he was well into his 90's. Home was apparently more interested in playing cricket than reading history at Oxford and isn't remembered for any famous speeches.</div>
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Wilson was arguably the first PM who understood how to make the most of television. Clip 5 shows his skill at dealing with hecklers. He was the first to call TV interviewers by their first names, thereby implying that they were good friends - and making it more difficult for them to ask hostile questions. Puffing his pipe, during interviews was a neat way to buy himself more time to work out an 'impressive' answer. And, unlike <i style="font-weight: bold;">all the other Oxonians, </i>he was the only one who managed to retain his Yorkshire accent during his years in Oxford. All of which enabled him to come across as 'a man of the people'.</div>
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Although from a similar middle-class background, Edward Heath lacked Wilson's ability to appeal to a mass audience and, though he'd negotiated the UK's successful entry into the European Common Market (later the European Union), he's remembered more for his public and continuing animosity towards his successor as Tory party leader (Margaret Thatcher) than for memorable quotations or speeches.</div>
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So we are left with Blair, Thatcher and Cameron as the most impressive recent Oxonian speakers.</div>
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<b><span style="color: #990000;">Will yet another Oxford graduate take over from Theresa May?</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #990000;"><br /></span></b></div>
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Theresa May's most famous early speech was back in 2002, when, as Tory party chairman, she warned that many voters regarded the Conservatives as 'the nasty party'.</div>
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More recently she's been heard losing her voice during her leader's speech and at prime minister's question time in the House of Commons (see this blog, 13th March, 20019).</div>
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Yesterday the conspirators won and she announced that she would be quitting the party leadership in early June - so the party and the public would have to prepare itself for yet more internecine battles between ambitious Tories bidding for the top job.</div>
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The following are already being widely mentioned as candidates. Six of the nine are Oxford graduates, three went to 'provincial' universities (Exeter, Warwick and Reading) and therefore have little or no hope of winning.</div>
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Among the Oxonians, the dark horse is Matt Hancock (Secretary of State for Health and Social Care). Unlike, Messrs. Gove, Hunt, Johnson and Raab, he went to <i><b>both</b></i> Oxford (dark blue) <b><i>and </i></b>Cambridge (light blue).</div>
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<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Michael Gove, Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford (English)</span></li>
<li>Said Javid, University of Exeter (Economics and Politics)</li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Jeremy Hunt, Magdalen College, Oxford (PPE)***</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Boris Johnson, Balliol College, Oxford (Latin, Greek and Ancient History)</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="color: #351c75;">Matt Hancock, Exeter College, Oxford (PPE),</span> </span><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Christ's College, Cambridge (Economics)</span></li>
<li>Andrea Leadsom, University of Warwick, (Politics) </li>
<li><span style="color: #444444;">Penny Mordant, University of Reading </span><span style="color: #351c75;">(Philosophy)</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Dominic Raab, Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford (Law)</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #0b5394;">Rory Stewart, Balliol College, Oxford (PPE)</span></li>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><b>Competition</b></span></div>
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A signed copy of my book <i>Speechmaking and Presentation Made Easy </i>will be awarded to the first person who accurately predicts the winner.<br />
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Starting date: Today<br />
Closing date: The day before the winner is announced</div>
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Max Atkinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06163447049027217653noreply@blogger.com0